diff --git a/ocrmypdf/exec/qpdf.py b/ocrmypdf/exec/qpdf.py
index 341fef4f..7164a757 100644
--- a/ocrmypdf/exec/qpdf.py
+++ b/ocrmypdf/exec/qpdf.py
@@ -31,13 +31,16 @@ def version():
     return qpdf_version
 
 
-def check(input_file, log):
+def check(input_file, log=None):
     args_qpdf = [
         get_program('qpdf'),
         '--check',
         input_file
     ]
 
+    if log is None:
+        import logging as log
+
     try:
         check_output(args_qpdf, stderr=STDOUT, universal_newlines=True)
     except CalledProcessError as e:
diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
index 787c8a1e..8b690bfe 100644
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import platform
 pytest_plugins = ['helpers_namespace']
 
 import pytest
+from pathlib import Path
+from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
 
 
 if sys.version_info.major < 3:
@@ -24,3 +26,91 @@ def is_linux():
 def running_in_docker():
     # Docker creates a file named /.dockerinit
     return os.path.exists('/.dockerinit')
+
+
+TESTS_ROOT = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+SPOOF_PATH = os.path.join(TESTS_ROOT, 'spoof')
+PROJECT_ROOT = os.path.dirname(TESTS_ROOT)
+OCRMYPDF = [sys.executable, '-m', 'ocrmypdf']
+
+
+@pytest.helpers.register
+def spoof(**kwargs):
+    """Modify environment variables to override subprocess executables
+
+    spoof(program1='replacement', ...)
+
+    Before running any executable, ocrmypdf checks the environment variable
+    OCRMYPDF_PROGRAMNAME to override default program name/location, e.g.
+    OCRMYPDF_GS redirects from the system path Ghostscript ("gs") to elsewhere.
+
+    """
+    env = os.environ.copy()
+
+    for replace_program, with_spoof in kwargs.items():
+        spoofer = os.path.join(SPOOF_PATH, with_spoof)
+        if not os.access(spoofer, os.X_OK):
+            os.chmod(spoofer, 0o755)
+        env['OCRMYPDF_' + replace_program.upper()] = spoofer
+    return env
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def resources():
+    return Path(TESTS_ROOT) / 'resources'
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def ocrmypdf_exec():
+    return OCRMYPDF
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="function")
+def outdir(tmpdir):
+    return Path(tmpdir)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="function")
+def outpdf(tmpdir):
+    return str(Path(tmpdir) / 'out.pdf')
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="function")
+def no_outpdf(tmpdir):
+    """This just documents the fact that a test is not expected to produce
+    output. Unfortunately an assertion failure inside a test fixture produces
+    an error rather than a test failure, so no testing is done. It's up to
+    the test to confirm that no output file was created."""
+    return str(Path(tmpdir) / 'no_output.pdf')
+
+
+@pytest.helpers.register
+def check_ocrmypdf(input_file, output_file, *args, env=None):
+    "Run ocrmypdf and confirmed that a valid file was created"
+
+    p, out, err = run_ocrmypdf(input_file, output_file, *args, env=env)
+    #print(err)  # ensure py.test collects the output, use -s to view
+    assert p.returncode == 0
+    assert os.path.exists(str(output_file)), "Output file not created"
+    assert os.stat(str(output_file)).st_size > 100, "PDF too small or empty"
+    assert out == "", \
+        "The following was written to stdout and should not have been: \n" + \
+        "<stdout>\n" + out + "\n</stdout>"
+    return output_file
+
+
+@pytest.helpers.register
+def run_ocrmypdf(input_file, output_file, *args, env=None):
+    "Run ocrmypdf and let caller deal with results"
+
+    if env is None:
+        env = os.environ
+
+    p_args = OCRMYPDF + list(args) + [str(input_file), str(output_file)]
+    p = Popen(
+        p_args, close_fds=True, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE,
+        universal_newlines=True, env=env)
+    out, err = p.communicate()
+    #print(err)
+
+    return p, out, err
diff --git a/tests/test_hocrtransform.py b/tests/test_hocrtransform.py
index 752d1de8..75e1fe8f 100644
--- a/tests/test_hocrtransform.py
+++ b/tests/test_hocrtransform.py
@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@
 
 from ocrmypdf import hocrtransform
 from ocrmypdf.exec.tesseract import HOCR_TEMPLATE
+from ocrmypdf.exec import qpdf
 from reportlab.pdfgen.canvas import Canvas
 from PIL import Image
 from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
 from contextlib import suppress
+from pathlib import Path
 import os
 import shutil
 import pytest
@@ -15,42 +17,24 @@ import pytest
 import sys
 
 
-TESTS_ROOT = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
-SPOOF_PATH = os.path.join(TESTS_ROOT, 'spoof')
-PROJECT_ROOT = os.path.dirname(TESTS_ROOT)
-TEST_RESOURCES = os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, 'tests', 'resources')
-TEST_OUTPUT = os.environ.get(
-    'OCRMYPDF_TEST_OUTPUT',
-    default=os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, 'tests', 'output', 'hocrtransform'))
-
-
-def setup_module():
-    with suppress(FileNotFoundError):
-        shutil.rmtree(TEST_OUTPUT)
-    with suppress(FileExistsError):
-        os.makedirs(TEST_OUTPUT)
-    with open(_make_output('blank.hocr'), 'w') as f:
+@pytest.fixture
+def blank_hocr(tmpdir):
+    filename = Path(tmpdir) / "blank.hocr"
+    with open(filename, 'w') as f:
         f.write(HOCR_TEMPLATE)
+    return filename
 
 
-def _make_input(input_basename):
-    return os.path.join(TEST_RESOURCES, input_basename)
-
-
-def _make_output(output_basename):
-    return os.path.join(TEST_OUTPUT, output_basename)
-
-
-def test_mono_image():
+def test_mono_image(blank_hocr, outdir):
     im = Image.new('1', (8, 8), 0)
     for n in range(8):
         im.putpixel((n, n), 1)
-    im.save(_make_output('mono.tif'), format='TIFF')
-
-    hocr = hocrtransform.HocrTransform(_make_output('blank.hocr'), 300)
-    hocr.to_pdf(_make_output('mono.pdf'), imageFileName=_make_output('mono.tif'))
-
+    im.save(outdir / 'mono.tif', format='TIFF')
 
+    hocr = hocrtransform.HocrTransform(blank_hocr, 300)
+    hocr.to_pdf(str(outdir / 'mono.pdf'), imageFileName=outdir / 'mono.tif')
+
+    qpdf.check(str(outdir / 'mono.pdf'))
 
 
 
diff --git a/tests/test_main.py b/tests/test_main.py
index 2824727d..3bced8d9 100644
--- a/tests/test_main.py
+++ b/tests/test_main.py
@@ -14,84 +14,9 @@ from ocrmypdf import leptonica
 from ocrmypdf.pdfa import file_claims_pdfa
 
 
-TESTS_ROOT = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
-SPOOF_PATH = os.path.join(TESTS_ROOT, 'spoof')
-PROJECT_ROOT = os.path.dirname(TESTS_ROOT)
-TEST_RESOURCES = os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, 'tests', 'resources')
-TEST_OUTPUT = os.environ.get(
-    'OCRMYPDF_TEST_OUTPUT',
-    default=os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, 'tests', 'output', 'main'))
-OCRMYPDF = [sys.executable, '-m', 'ocrmypdf']
-
-
-def setup_module():
-    with suppress(FileNotFoundError):
-        shutil.rmtree(TEST_OUTPUT)
-    with suppress(FileExistsError):
-        os.makedirs(TEST_OUTPUT)
-
-
-def _infile(input_basename):
-    return os.path.join(TEST_RESOURCES, input_basename)
-
-
-def _outfile(output_basename):
-    return os.path.join(TEST_OUTPUT, os.path.basename(output_basename))
-
-
-def check_ocrmypdf(input_basename, output_basename, *args, env=None):
-    "Run ocrmypdf and confirmed that a valid file was created"
-    input_file = _infile(input_basename)
-    output_file = _outfile(output_basename)
-
-    p, out, err = run_ocrmypdf(input_basename, output_basename, *args, env=env)
-    print(err)  # ensure py.test collects the output, use -s to view
-    assert p.returncode == 0
-    assert os.path.exists(output_file), "Output file not created"
-    assert os.stat(output_file).st_size > 100, "PDF too small or empty"
-    assert out == "", \
-        "The following was written to stdout and should not have been: \n" + \
-        "<stdout>\n" + out + "\n</stdout>"
-    return output_file
-
-
-def run_ocrmypdf(input_basename, output_basename, *args, env=None):
-    "Run ocrmypdf and let caller deal with results"
-    input_file = _infile(input_basename)
-    output_file = _outfile(output_basename)
-
-    if env is None:
-        env = os.environ
-
-    p_args = OCRMYPDF + list(args) + [input_file, output_file]
-    p = Popen(
-        p_args, close_fds=True, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE,
-        universal_newlines=True, env=env)
-    out, err = p.communicate()
-    print(err)
-
-    return p, out, err
-
-
-def spoof(**kwargs):
-    """Modify environment variables to override subprocess executables
-
-    spoof(program1='replacement', ...)
-
-    Before running any executable, ocrmypdf checks the environment variable
-    OCRMYPDF_PROGRAMNAME to override default program name/location, e.g.
-    OCRMYPDF_GS redirects from the system path Ghostscript ("gs") to elsewhere.
-
-    """
-    env = os.environ.copy()
-
-    for replace_program, with_spoof in kwargs.items():
-        spoofer = os.path.join(SPOOF_PATH, with_spoof)
-        if not os.access(spoofer, os.X_OK):
-            os.chmod(spoofer, 0o755)
-        env['OCRMYPDF_' + replace_program.upper()] = spoofer
-    return env
-
+check_ocrmypdf = pytest.helpers.check_ocrmypdf
+run_ocrmypdf = pytest.helpers.run_ocrmypdf
+spoof = pytest.helpers.spoof
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def spoof_tesseract_noop():
@@ -125,14 +50,20 @@ def spoof_no_tess_pdfa_warning():
     return spoof(tesseract='tesseract_noop.py', gs='gs_feature_elision.py')
 
 
-def test_quick(spoof_tesseract_cache):
-    check_ocrmypdf('ccitt.pdf', 'test_quick.pdf', env=spoof_tesseract_cache)
+@pytest.fixture
+def spoof_qpdf_always_error():
+    return spoof(qpdf='qpdf_dummy_return2.py')
 
 
-def test_deskew(spoof_tesseract_noop):
+def test_quick(spoof_tesseract_cache, resources, outpdf):
+    check_ocrmypdf(resources / 'ccitt.pdf', outpdf, env=spoof_tesseract_cache)
+
+
+def test_deskew(spoof_tesseract_noop, resources, outdir):
     # Run with deskew
     deskewed_pdf = check_ocrmypdf(
-        'skew.pdf', 'test_deskew.pdf', '-d', '-v', '1', env=spoof_tesseract_noop)
+        resources / 'skew.pdf', outdir / 'skew.pdf', '-d', '-v', '1',
+        env=spoof_tesseract_noop)
 
     # Now render as an image again and use Leptonica to find the skew angle
     # to confirm that it was deskewed
@@ -140,38 +71,40 @@ def test_deskew(spoof_tesseract_noop):
     import logging
     log = logging.getLogger()
 
-    deskewed_png = _outfile('deskewed.png')
+    deskewed_png = outdir / 'deskewed.png'
 
     rasterize_pdf(
-        deskewed_pdf,
-        deskewed_png,
+        str(deskewed_pdf),
+        str(deskewed_png),
         xres=150,
         yres=150,
         raster_device='pngmono',
         log=log)
 
     from ocrmypdf.leptonica import Pix
-    pix = Pix.read(deskewed_png)
+    pix = Pix.read(str(deskewed_png))
     skew_angle, skew_confidence = pix.find_skew()
 
     print(skew_angle)
     assert -0.5 < skew_angle < 0.5, "Deskewing failed"
 
 
-def test_clean(spoof_tesseract_noop):
-    check_ocrmypdf('skew.pdf', 'test_clean.pdf', '-c',
+def test_clean(spoof_tesseract_noop, resources, outpdf):
+    check_ocrmypdf(resources / 'skew.pdf', outpdf, '-c',
                    env=spoof_tesseract_noop)
 
 
-def test_remove_background(spoof_tesseract_noop):
+def test_remove_background(spoof_tesseract_noop, resources, outdir):
     from PIL import Image
 
     # Ensure the input image does not contain pure white/black
-    im = Image.open(_infile('congress.jpg'))
+    im = Image.open(resources / 'congress.jpg')
     assert im.getextrema() != ((0, 255), (0, 255), (0, 255))
 
     output_pdf = check_ocrmypdf(
-        'congress.jpg', 'test_remove_bg.pdf', '--remove-background',
+        resources / 'congress.jpg',
+        outdir / 'test_remove_bg.pdf',
+        '--remove-background',
         '--image-dpi', '150',
         env=spoof_tesseract_noop)
 
@@ -179,11 +112,11 @@ def test_remove_background(spoof_tesseract_noop):
     import logging
     log = logging.getLogger()
 
-    output_png = _outfile('remove_bg.png')
+    output_png = outdir / 'remove_bg.png'
 
     rasterize_pdf(
-        output_pdf,
-        output_png,
+        str(output_pdf),
+        str(output_png),
         xres=100,
         yres=100,
         raster_device='png16m',
@@ -201,10 +134,11 @@ def test_remove_background(spoof_tesseract_noop):
     ['palette.pdf', 'cmyk.pdf', 'ccitt.pdf', 'jbig2.pdf', 'lichtenstein.pdf'])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("renderer", ['hocr', 'tesseract'])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("output_type", ['pdf', 'pdfa'])
-def test_exotic_image(spoof_tesseract_cache, pdf, renderer, output_type):
+def test_exotic_image(spoof_tesseract_cache, pdf, renderer, output_type,
+                      resources, outdir):
     check_ocrmypdf(
-        pdf,
-        'test_{0}_{1}.pdf'.format(pdf, renderer),
+        resources / pdf,
+        outdir / 'test_{0}_{1}.pdf'.format(pdf, renderer),
         '-dc',
         '-v', '1',
         '--output-type', output_type,
@@ -214,19 +148,21 @@ def test_exotic_image(spoof_tesseract_cache, pdf, renderer, output_type):
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("output_type", [
     'pdfa', 'pdf'
     ])
-def test_preserve_metadata(spoof_tesseract_noop, output_type):
-    pdf_before = pypdf.PdfFileReader(_infile('graph.pdf'))
+def test_preserve_metadata(spoof_tesseract_noop, output_type,
+                           resources, outpdf):
+    pdf_before = pypdf.PdfFileReader(str(resources / 'graph.pdf'))
 
-    output = check_ocrmypdf('graph.pdf', 'test_metadata_preserve.pdf',
-                            '--output-type', output_type,
-                            env=spoof_tesseract_noop)
+    output = check_ocrmypdf(
+            resources / 'graph.pdf', outpdf,
+            '--output-type', output_type,
+            env=spoof_tesseract_noop)
 
-    pdf_after = pypdf.PdfFileReader(output)
+    pdf_after = pypdf.PdfFileReader(str(output))
 
     for key in ('/Title', '/Author'):
         assert pdf_before.documentInfo[key] == pdf_after.documentInfo[key]
 
-    pdfa_info = file_claims_pdfa(output)
+    pdfa_info = file_claims_pdfa(str(output))
     assert pdfa_info['output'] == output_type
 
 
@@ -236,16 +172,16 @@ def test_preserve_metadata(spoof_tesseract_noop, output_type):
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("output_type", [
     'pdfa', 'pdf'
     ])
-def test_override_metadata(spoof_tesseract_noop, output_type):
-    input_file = _infile('c02-22.pdf')
-    output_file = _outfile('test_override_metadata.pdf')
+def test_override_metadata(spoof_tesseract_noop, output_type, resources,
+                           outpdf):
+    input_file = resources / 'c02-22.pdf'
 
     german = 'Du siehst den Wald vor lauter Bäumen nicht.'
     chinese = '孔子'
     high_unicode = 'U+1030C is: 𐌌'
 
     p, out, err = run_ocrmypdf(
-        input_file, output_file,
+        input_file, outpdf,
         '--title', german,
         '--author', chinese,
         '--subject', high_unicode,
@@ -254,7 +190,7 @@ def test_override_metadata(spoof_tesseract_noop, output_type):
 
     assert p.returncode == ExitCode.ok
 
-    pdf = output_file
+    pdf = str(outpdf)
 
     out_pdfinfo = check_output(['pdfinfo', pdf], universal_newlines=True)
     lines_pdfinfo = out_pdfinfo.splitlines()
@@ -268,7 +204,7 @@ def test_override_metadata(spoof_tesseract_noop, output_type):
     assert pdfinfo['Subject'] == high_unicode
     assert pdfinfo.get('Keywords', '') == ''
 
-    pdfa_info = file_claims_pdfa(output_file)
+    pdfa_info = file_claims_pdfa(pdf)
     assert pdfa_info['output'] == output_type
 
 
@@ -276,45 +212,46 @@ def test_override_metadata(spoof_tesseract_noop, output_type):
     'hocr',
     'tesseract',
     ])
-def test_oversample(spoof_tesseract_cache, renderer):
+def test_oversample(spoof_tesseract_cache, renderer, resources, outpdf):
     oversampled_pdf = check_ocrmypdf(
-        'skew.pdf', 'test_oversample_%s.pdf' % renderer, '--oversample', '350',
+        resources / 'skew.pdf', outpdf, '--oversample', '350',
         '-f',
         '--pdf-renderer', renderer, env=spoof_tesseract_cache)
 
-    pdfinfo = pdf_get_all_pageinfo(oversampled_pdf)
+    pdfinfo = pdf_get_all_pageinfo(str(oversampled_pdf))
 
     print(pdfinfo[0]['xres'])
     assert abs(pdfinfo[0]['xres'] - 350) < 1
 
 
-def test_repeat_ocr():
-    p, _, _ = run_ocrmypdf('graph_ocred.pdf', 'wontwork.pdf')
+def test_repeat_ocr(resources, no_outpdf):
+    p, _, _ = run_ocrmypdf(resources / 'graph_ocred.pdf', no_outpdf)
     assert p.returncode != 0
 
 
-def test_force_ocr(spoof_tesseract_cache):
-    out = check_ocrmypdf('graph_ocred.pdf', 'test_force.pdf', '-f',
+def test_force_ocr(spoof_tesseract_cache, resources, outpdf):
+    out = check_ocrmypdf(resources / 'graph_ocred.pdf', outpdf, '-f',
                          env=spoof_tesseract_cache)
     pdfinfo = pdf_get_all_pageinfo(out)
     assert pdfinfo[0]['has_text']
 
 
-def test_skip_ocr(spoof_tesseract_cache):
-    check_ocrmypdf('graph_ocred.pdf', 'test_skip.pdf', '-s',
+def test_skip_ocr(spoof_tesseract_cache, resources, outpdf):
+    check_ocrmypdf(resources / 'graph_ocred.pdf', outpdf, '-s',
                    env=spoof_tesseract_cache)
 
 
-def test_argsfile(spoof_tesseract_noop):
-    with open(_outfile('test_argsfile.txt'), 'w') as argsfile:
+def test_argsfile(spoof_tesseract_noop, resources, outdir):
+    with open(outdir / 'test_argsfile.txt', 'w') as argsfile:
         print('--title', 'ArgsFile Test', '--author', 'Test Cases',
               sep='\n', end='\n', file=argsfile)
-    check_ocrmypdf('graph.pdf', 'test_argsfile.pdf',
-                   '@' + _outfile('test_argsfile.txt'),
+    check_ocrmypdf(resources / 'graph.pdf', outdir / 'args.pdf',
+                   '@' + str(outdir / 'test_argsfile.txt'),
                    env=spoof_tesseract_noop)
 
 
 def check_monochrome_correlation(
+        outdir,
         reference_pdf, reference_pageno, test_pdf, test_pageno):
 
     import ocrmypdf.exec.ghostscript as ghostscript
@@ -322,44 +259,46 @@ def check_monochrome_correlation(
 
     gslog = logging.getLogger()
 
-    reference_png = _outfile('{}.ref{:04d}.png'.format(
-        reference_pdf, reference_pageno))
-    test_png = _outfile('{}.test{:04d}.png'.format(
-        test_pdf, test_pageno))
+    reference_png = outdir / '{}.ref{:04d}.png'.format(
+        reference_pdf, reference_pageno)
+    test_png = outdir / '{}.test{:04d}.png'.format(
+        test_pdf, test_pageno)
 
     def rasterize(pdf, pageno, png):
-        if os.path.exists(png):
+        if png.exists():
             print(png)
             return
         ghostscript.rasterize_pdf(
-            pdf,
-            png,
+            str(pdf),
+            str(png),
             xres=100, yres=100,
             raster_device='pngmono', log=gslog, pageno=pageno)
 
     rasterize(reference_pdf, reference_pageno, reference_png)
     rasterize(test_pdf, test_pageno, test_png)
 
-    pix_ref = leptonica.Pix.read(reference_png)
-    pix_test = leptonica.Pix.read(test_png)
+    pix_ref = leptonica.Pix.read(str(reference_png))
+    pix_test = leptonica.Pix.read(str(test_png))
 
     return leptonica.Pix.correlation_binary(pix_ref, pix_test)
 
 
-def test_monochrome_correlation():
+def test_monochrome_correlation(resources, outdir):
     # Verify leptonica: check that an incorrect rotated image has poor
     # correlation with reference
     corr = check_monochrome_correlation(
-        reference_pdf=_infile('cardinal.pdf'),
+        outdir,
+        reference_pdf=resources / 'cardinal.pdf',
         reference_pageno=1,  # north facing page
-        test_pdf=_infile('cardinal.pdf'),
+        test_pdf=resources / 'cardinal.pdf',
         test_pageno=3,  # south facing page
         )
     assert corr < 0.10
     corr = check_monochrome_correlation(
-        reference_pdf=_infile('cardinal.pdf'),
+        outdir,
+        reference_pdf=resources / 'cardinal.pdf',
         reference_pageno=2,
-        test_pdf=_infile('cardinal.pdf'),
+        test_pdf=resources / 'cardinal.pdf',
         test_pageno=2,
         )
     assert corr > 0.90
@@ -369,44 +308,47 @@ def test_monochrome_correlation():
     'hocr',
     'tesseract',
     ])
-def test_autorotate(spoof_tesseract_cache, renderer):
+def test_autorotate(spoof_tesseract_cache, renderer, resources, outdir):
     # cardinal.pdf contains four copies of an image rotated in each cardinal
     # direction - these ones are "burned in" not tagged with /Rotate
-    out = check_ocrmypdf('cardinal.pdf', 'test_autorotate_%s.pdf' % renderer,
+    out = check_ocrmypdf(resources / 'cardinal.pdf', outdir / 'out.pdf',
                          '-r', '-v', '1', env=spoof_tesseract_cache)
     for n in range(1, 4+1):
         correlation = check_monochrome_correlation(
-            reference_pdf=_infile('cardinal.pdf'),
+            outdir,
+            reference_pdf=resources / 'cardinal.pdf',
             reference_pageno=1,
-            test_pdf=out,
+            test_pdf=outdir / 'out.pdf',
             test_pageno=n)
         assert correlation > 0.80
 
 
-def test_autorotate_threshold_low(spoof_tesseract_cache):
-    out = check_ocrmypdf('cardinal.pdf', 'test_autorotate_threshold_low.pdf',
+def test_autorotate_threshold_low(spoof_tesseract_cache, resources, outdir):
+    out = check_ocrmypdf(resources / 'cardinal.pdf', outdir / 'out.pdf',
                          '--rotate-pages-threshold', '1',
                          '-r', '-v', '1', env=spoof_tesseract_cache)
 
     # Low threshold -> always rotate -> expect high correlation between
     # reference page and test page
     correlation = check_monochrome_correlation(
-        reference_pdf=_infile('cardinal.pdf'),
+        outdir,
+        reference_pdf=resources / 'cardinal.pdf',
         reference_pageno=1,
         test_pdf=out,
         test_pageno=3)
     assert correlation > 0.80
 
 
-def test_autorotate_threshold_high(spoof_tesseract_cache):
-    out = check_ocrmypdf('cardinal.pdf', 'test_autorotate_threshold_high.pdf',
+def test_autorotate_threshold_high(spoof_tesseract_cache, resources, outdir):
+    out = check_ocrmypdf(resources / 'cardinal.pdf', outdir / 'out.pdf',
                          '--rotate-pages-threshold', '99',
                          '-r', '-v', '1', env=spoof_tesseract_cache)
 
     # High threshold -> never rotate -> expect low correlation since
     # test page will not be rotated
     correlation = check_monochrome_correlation(
-        reference_pdf=_infile('cardinal.pdf'),
+        outdir,
+        reference_pdf=resources / 'cardinal.pdf',
         reference_pageno=1,
         test_pdf=out,
         test_pageno=3)
@@ -417,25 +359,26 @@ def test_autorotate_threshold_high(spoof_tesseract_cache):
     'hocr',
     'tesseract',
     ])
-def test_ocr_timeout(renderer):
-    out = check_ocrmypdf('skew.pdf', 'test_timeout_%s.pdf' % renderer,
+def test_ocr_timeout(renderer, resources, outpdf):
+    out = check_ocrmypdf(resources / 'skew.pdf', outpdf,
                          '--tesseract-timeout', '1.0')
-    pdfinfo = pdf_get_all_pageinfo(out)
+    pdfinfo = pdf_get_all_pageinfo(str(out))
     assert not pdfinfo[0]['has_text']
 
 
-def test_skip_big(spoof_tesseract_cache):
-    out = check_ocrmypdf('enormous.pdf', 'test_enormous.pdf',
+def test_skip_big(spoof_tesseract_cache, resources, outpdf):
+    out = check_ocrmypdf(resources / 'enormous.pdf', outpdf,
                          '--skip-big', '10', env=spoof_tesseract_cache)
-    pdfinfo = pdf_get_all_pageinfo(out)
+    pdfinfo = pdf_get_all_pageinfo(str(out))
     assert not pdfinfo[0]['has_text']
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('renderer', ['hocr', 'tesseract'])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('output_type', ['pdf', 'pdfa'])
-def test_maximum_options(spoof_tesseract_cache, renderer, output_type):
+def test_maximum_options(spoof_tesseract_cache, renderer, output_type,
+                         resources, outpdf):
     check_ocrmypdf(
-        'multipage.pdf', 'test_multipage%s.pdf' % renderer,
+        resources / 'multipage.pdf', outpdf,
         '-d', '-c', '-i', '-g', '-f', '-k', '--oversample', '300',
         '--remove-background',
         '--skip-big', '10', '--title', 'Too Many Weird Files',
@@ -444,101 +387,102 @@ def test_maximum_options(spoof_tesseract_cache, renderer, output_type):
         env=spoof_tesseract_cache)
 
 
-def test_tesseract_missing_tessdata():
+def test_tesseract_missing_tessdata(resources, no_outpdf):
     env = os.environ.copy()
     env['TESSDATA_PREFIX'] = '/tmp'
 
     p, _, err = run_ocrmypdf(
-        'graph_ocred.pdf', 'not_a_pdfa.pdf', '-v', '1', '--skip-text', env=env)
+        resources / 'graph_ocred.pdf', no_outpdf,
+        '-v', '1', '--skip-text', env=env)
     assert p.returncode == ExitCode.missing_dependency, err
 
 
-def test_invalid_input_pdf():
+def test_invalid_input_pdf(resources, no_outpdf):
     p, out, err = run_ocrmypdf(
-        'invalid.pdf', 'wont_be_created.pdf')
+        resources / 'invalid.pdf', no_outpdf)
     assert p.returncode == ExitCode.input_file, err
 
 
-def test_blank_input_pdf():
+def test_blank_input_pdf(resources, outpdf):
     p, out, err = run_ocrmypdf(
-        'blank.pdf', 'still_blank.pdf')
+        resources / 'blank.pdf', outpdf)
     assert p.returncode == ExitCode.ok
 
 
-def test_force_ocr_on_pdf_with_no_images(spoof_tesseract_crash):
+def test_force_ocr_on_pdf_with_no_images(spoof_tesseract_crash, resources,
+                                         no_outpdf):
     # As a correctness test, make sure that --force-ocr on a PDF with no
     # content still triggers tesseract. If tesseract crashes, then it was
     # called.
     p, _, err = run_ocrmypdf(
-        'blank.pdf', 'wont_be_created.pdf', '--force-ocr',
+        resources / 'blank.pdf', no_outpdf, '--force-ocr',
         env=spoof_tesseract_crash)
     assert p.returncode == ExitCode.child_process_error, err
-    assert not os.path.exists(_outfile('wontwork.pdf'))
+    assert not os.path.exists(no_outpdf)
 
 
-def test_french(spoof_tesseract_cache):
+def test_french(spoof_tesseract_cache, resources, outpdf):
     p, out, err = run_ocrmypdf(
-        'francais.pdf', 'francais.pdf', '-l', 'fra', env=spoof_tesseract_cache)
+        resources / 'francais.pdf', outpdf, '-l', 'fra',
+        env=spoof_tesseract_cache)
     assert p.returncode == ExitCode.ok, \
         "This test may fail if Tesseract language packs are missing"
 
 
-def test_klingon():
+def test_klingon(resources, outpdf):
     p, out, err = run_ocrmypdf(
-        'francais.pdf', 'francais.pdf', '-l', 'klz')
+        resources / 'francais.pdf', outpdf, '-l', 'klz')
     assert p.returncode == ExitCode.bad_args
 
 
-def test_missing_docinfo(spoof_tesseract_noop):
+def test_missing_docinfo(spoof_tesseract_noop, resources, outpdf):
     p, out, err = run_ocrmypdf(
-        'missing_docinfo.pdf', 'missing_docinfo.pdf', '-l', 'eng', '-c',
+        resources / 'missing_docinfo.pdf', outpdf, '-l', 'eng', '-c',
         env=spoof_tesseract_noop)
     assert p.returncode == ExitCode.ok, err
 
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(pytest.helpers.running_in_docker(),
-                    reason="writes to tests/resources")
-def test_uppercase_extension(spoof_tesseract_noop):
-    shutil.copy(_infile("skew.pdf"), _infile("UPPERCASE.PDF"))
-    try:
-        check_ocrmypdf("UPPERCASE.PDF", "UPPERCASE_OUT.PDF",
-                       env=spoof_tesseract_noop)
-    finally:
-        os.unlink(_infile("UPPERCASE.PDF"))
+                    reason="<no longer true> writes to tests/resources")
+def test_uppercase_extension(spoof_tesseract_noop, resources, outdir):
+    shutil.copy(
+        str(resources / "skew.pdf"),
+        str(outdir / "UPPERCASE.PDF"))
+
+    check_ocrmypdf(outdir / "UPPERCASE.PDF", outdir / "UPPERCASE_OUT.PDF",
+                   env=spoof_tesseract_noop)
 
 
-def test_input_file_not_found():
+def test_input_file_not_found(no_outpdf):
     input_file = "does not exist.pdf"
     p, out, err = run_ocrmypdf(
-        _infile(input_file),
-        _outfile("will not happen.pdf"))
+        input_file,
+        no_outpdf)
     assert p.returncode == ExitCode.input_file
     assert (input_file in out or input_file in err)
 
 
-def test_input_file_not_a_pdf():
+def test_input_file_not_a_pdf(no_outpdf):
     input_file = __file__  # Try to OCR this file
     p, out, err = run_ocrmypdf(
-        _infile(input_file),
-        _outfile("will not happen.pdf"))
+        input_file,
+        no_outpdf)
     assert p.returncode == ExitCode.input_file
     assert (input_file in out or input_file in err)
 
 
-def test_qpdf_repair_fails():
-    env = os.environ.copy()
-    env['OCRMYPDF_QPDF'] = os.path.abspath('./spoof/qpdf_dummy_return2.py')
+def test_qpdf_repair_fails(spoof_qpdf_always_error, resources, no_outpdf):
     p, out, err = run_ocrmypdf(
         '-v', '1',
-        'c02-22.pdf', 'wont_be_created_repair_fail.pdf', env=env)
+        resources / 'c02-22.pdf', no_outpdf, env=spoof_qpdf_always_error)
     print(out)
     print(err)
     assert p.returncode == ExitCode.input_file
 
 
-def test_encrypted():
+def test_encrypted(resources, no_outpdf):
     p, out, err = run_ocrmypdf(
-        'skew-encrypted.pdf', 'wont_be_created_test_enc.pdf')
+        resources / 'skew-encrypted.pdf', no_outpdf)
     assert p.returncode == ExitCode.encrypted_pdf
     assert out.find('password')
 
@@ -547,9 +491,9 @@ def test_encrypted():
     'hocr',
     'tesseract',
     ])
-def test_pagesegmode(renderer, spoof_tesseract_cache):
+def test_pagesegmode(renderer, spoof_tesseract_cache, resources, outpdf):
     check_ocrmypdf(
-        'skew.pdf', 'test_psm_%s.pdf' % renderer,
+        resources / 'skew.pdf', outpdf,
         '--tesseract-pagesegmode', '7',
         '-v', '1',
         '--pdf-renderer', renderer, env=spoof_tesseract_cache)
@@ -559,21 +503,23 @@ def test_pagesegmode(renderer, spoof_tesseract_cache):
     'hocr',
     'tesseract',
     ])
-def test_tesseract_crash(renderer, spoof_tesseract_crash):
+def test_tesseract_crash(renderer, spoof_tesseract_crash,
+                         resources, no_outpdf):
     p, out, err = run_ocrmypdf(
-        'ccitt.pdf', 'wontwork.pdf', '-v', '1',
+        resources / 'ccitt.pdf', no_outpdf, '-v', '1',
         '--pdf-renderer', renderer, env=spoof_tesseract_crash)
     assert p.returncode == ExitCode.child_process_error
-    assert not os.path.exists(_outfile('wontwork.pdf'))
+    assert not os.path.exists(no_outpdf)
     assert "ERROR" in err
 
 
-def test_tesseract_crash_autorotate(spoof_tesseract_crash):
+def test_tesseract_crash_autorotate(spoof_tesseract_crash,
+                                    resources, no_outpdf):
     p, out, err = run_ocrmypdf(
-        'ccitt.pdf', 'wontwork.pdf',
+        resources / 'ccitt.pdf', no_outpdf,
         '-r', env=spoof_tesseract_crash)
     assert p.returncode == ExitCode.child_process_error
-    assert not os.path.exists(_outfile('wontwork.pdf'))
+    assert not os.path.exists(no_outpdf)
     assert "ERROR" in err
     print(out)
     print(err)
@@ -583,76 +529,77 @@ def test_tesseract_crash_autorotate(spoof_tesseract_crash):
     'hocr',
     'tesseract',
     ])
-def test_tesseract_image_too_big(renderer, spoof_tesseract_big_image_error):
+def test_tesseract_image_too_big(renderer, spoof_tesseract_big_image_error,
+                                 resources, outpdf):
     check_ocrmypdf(
-        'hugemono.pdf', 'hugemono_%s.pdf' % renderer, '-r',
+        resources / 'hugemono.pdf', outpdf, '-r',
         '--pdf-renderer', renderer, env=spoof_tesseract_big_image_error)
 
 
-def test_no_unpaper():
+def test_no_unpaper(resources, no_outpdf):
     env = os.environ.copy()
     env['OCRMYPDF_UNPAPER'] = os.path.abspath('./spoof/no_unpaper_here.py')
     p, out, err = run_ocrmypdf(
-        'c02-22.pdf', 'wont_be_created.pdf', '--clean', env=env)
+        resources / 'c02-22.pdf', no_outpdf, '--clean', env=env)
     assert p.returncode == ExitCode.missing_dependency
 
 
-def test_old_unpaper():
+def test_old_unpaper(resources, no_outpdf):
     env = os.environ.copy()
     env['OCRMYPDF_UNPAPER'] = os.path.abspath('./spoof/unpaper_oldversion.py')
     p, out, err = run_ocrmypdf(
-        'c02-22.pdf', 'wont_be_created.pdf', '--clean', env=env)
+        resources / 'c02-22.pdf', no_outpdf, '--clean', env=env)
     assert p.returncode == ExitCode.missing_dependency
 
 
-def test_algo4():
-    p, _, _ = run_ocrmypdf('encrypted_algo4.pdf', 'wontwork.pdf')
+def test_algo4(resources, no_outpdf):
+    p, _, _ = run_ocrmypdf(resources / 'encrypted_algo4.pdf', no_outpdf)
     assert p.returncode == ExitCode.encrypted_pdf
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('renderer', [
     'hocr'])  # tesseract cannot pass this test - resamples to square image
-def test_non_square_resolution(renderer, spoof_tesseract_cache):
+def test_non_square_resolution(renderer, spoof_tesseract_cache,
+                               resources, outpdf):
     # Confirm input image is non-square resolution
-    in_pageinfo = pdf_get_all_pageinfo(_infile('aspect.pdf'))
+    in_pageinfo = pdf_get_all_pageinfo(str(resources / 'aspect.pdf'))
     assert in_pageinfo[0]['xres'] != in_pageinfo[0]['yres']
 
-    out = 'aspect_%s.pdf' % renderer
     check_ocrmypdf(
-        'aspect.pdf', out,
+        resources / 'aspect.pdf', outpdf,
         '--pdf-renderer', renderer, env=spoof_tesseract_cache)
 
-    out_pageinfo = pdf_get_all_pageinfo(_outfile(out))
+    out_pageinfo = pdf_get_all_pageinfo(str(outpdf))
 
     # Confirm resolution was kept the same
     assert in_pageinfo[0]['xres'] == out_pageinfo[0]['xres']
     assert in_pageinfo[0]['yres'] == out_pageinfo[0]['yres']
 
 
-def test_image_to_pdf(spoof_tesseract_noop):
+def test_image_to_pdf(spoof_tesseract_noop, resources, outpdf):
     check_ocrmypdf(
-        'LinnSequencer.jpg', 'image_to_pdf.pdf', '--image-dpi', '200',
+        resources / 'LinnSequencer.jpg', outpdf, '--image-dpi', '200',
         env=spoof_tesseract_noop)
 
 
-def test_jbig2_passthrough(spoof_tesseract_cache):
+def test_jbig2_passthrough(spoof_tesseract_cache, resources, outpdf):
     out = check_ocrmypdf(
-        'jbig2.pdf', 'jbig2_out.pdf',
+        resources / 'jbig2.pdf', outpdf,
         '--output-type', 'pdf',
         '--pdf-renderer', 'hocr',
         env=spoof_tesseract_cache)
 
-    out_pageinfo = pdf_get_all_pageinfo(out)
+    out_pageinfo = pdf_get_all_pageinfo(str(out))
     assert out_pageinfo[0]['images'][0]['enc'] == 'jbig2'
 
 
-def test_stdin(spoof_tesseract_noop):
-    input_file = _infile('francais.pdf')
-    output_file = _outfile('test_stdin.pdf')
+def test_stdin(spoof_tesseract_noop, ocrmypdf_exec, resources, outpdf):
+    input_file = str(resources / 'francais.pdf')
+    output_file = str(outpdf)
 
     # Runs: ocrmypdf - output.pdf < testfile.pdf
     with open(input_file, 'rb') as input_stream:
-        p_args = OCRMYPDF + ['-', output_file]
+        p_args = ocrmypdf_exec + ['-', output_file]
         p = Popen(
             p_args, close_fds=True, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE,
             stdin=input_stream, env=spoof_tesseract_noop)
@@ -661,13 +608,13 @@ def test_stdin(spoof_tesseract_noop):
         assert p.returncode == ExitCode.ok
 
 
-def test_stdout(spoof_tesseract_noop):
-    input_file = _infile('francais.pdf')
-    output_file = _outfile('test_stdout.pdf')
+def test_stdout(spoof_tesseract_noop, ocrmypdf_exec, resources, outpdf):
+    input_file = str(resources / 'francais.pdf')
+    output_file = str(outpdf)
 
     # Runs: ocrmypdf francais.pdf - > test_stdout.pdf
     with open(output_file, 'wb') as output_stream:
-        p_args = OCRMYPDF + [input_file, '-']
+        p_args = ocrmypdf_exec + [input_file, '-']
         p = Popen(
             p_args, close_fds=True, stdout=output_stream, stderr=PIPE,
             stdin=DEVNULL, env=spoof_tesseract_noop)
@@ -679,17 +626,18 @@ def test_stdout(spoof_tesseract_noop):
     assert qpdf.check(output_file, log=None)
 
 
-def test_masks(spoof_tesseract_noop):
-    check_ocrmypdf('masks.pdf', 'test_masks.pdf', env=spoof_tesseract_noop)
+def test_masks(spoof_tesseract_noop, resources, outpdf):
+    check_ocrmypdf(resources / 'masks.pdf', outpdf, env=spoof_tesseract_noop)
 
 
-def test_linearized_pdf_and_indirect_object(spoof_tesseract_noop):
+def test_linearized_pdf_and_indirect_object(spoof_tesseract_noop,
+        resources, outpdf):
     check_ocrmypdf(
-        'epson.pdf', 'test_epson.pdf',
+        resources / 'epson.pdf', outpdf,
         env=spoof_tesseract_noop)
 
 
-def test_rotated_skew_timeout():
+def test_rotated_skew_timeout(resources, outpdf):
     """This document contains an image that is rotated 90 into place with a
     /Rotate tag and intentionally skewed by altering the transformation matrix.
 
@@ -697,7 +645,7 @@ def test_rotated_skew_timeout():
     timeout produced a page whose dimensions did not match the original's.
     """
 
-    input_file = _infile('rotated_skew.pdf')
+    input_file = str(resources / 'rotated_skew.pdf')
     in_pageinfo = pdf_get_all_pageinfo(input_file)[0]
 
     assert in_pageinfo['height_pixels'] < in_pageinfo['width_pixels'], \
@@ -705,11 +653,11 @@ def test_rotated_skew_timeout():
     assert in_pageinfo['rotate'] == 90, "Expected a rotated page"
 
     out = check_ocrmypdf(
-        'rotated_skew.pdf', 'test_rotated_skew.pdf',
+        input_file, outpdf,
         '--pdf-renderer', 'hocr',
         '--deskew', '--tesseract-timeout', '0')
 
-    out_pageinfo = pdf_get_all_pageinfo(out)[0]
+    out_pageinfo = pdf_get_all_pageinfo(str(out))[0]
 
     assert out_pageinfo['height_pixels'] > out_pageinfo['width_pixels'], \
         "Expected the output page to be portrait"
@@ -722,19 +670,20 @@ def test_rotated_skew_timeout():
         "Expected page rotation to be baked in"
 
 
-def test_ghostscript_pdfa_failure(spoof_no_tess_no_pdfa):
+def test_ghostscript_pdfa_failure(spoof_no_tess_no_pdfa, resources, outpdf):
     p, out, err = run_ocrmypdf(
-        'ccitt.pdf', 'test_pdfa_failure.pdf',
+        resources / 'ccitt.pdf', outpdf,
         env=spoof_no_tess_no_pdfa)
     assert p.returncode == 4, "Expected return code 4 when PDF/A fails"
 
 
-def test_ghostscript_feature_elision(spoof_no_tess_pdfa_warning):
-    check_ocrmypdf('ccitt.pdf', 'test_feature_elision.pdf',
+def test_ghostscript_feature_elision(spoof_no_tess_pdfa_warning,
+        resources, outpdf):
+    check_ocrmypdf(resources / 'ccitt.pdf', outpdf,
                    env=spoof_no_tess_pdfa_warning)
 
 
-def test_very_high_dpi(spoof_tesseract_cache):
+def test_very_high_dpi(spoof_tesseract_cache, resources, outpdf):
     "Checks for a Decimal quantize error with high DPI, etc"
-    check_ocrmypdf('2400dpi.pdf', 'test_2400dpi.pdf',
+    check_ocrmypdf(resources / '2400dpi.pdf', outpdf,
                    env=spoof_tesseract_cache)
diff --git a/tests/test_pageinfo.py b/tests/test_pageinfo.py
index 90be6c9d..d9049d8c 100644
--- a/tests/test_pageinfo.py
+++ b/tests/test_pageinfo.py
@@ -14,34 +14,9 @@ import pytest
 import sys
 
 
-TESTS_ROOT = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
-SPOOF_PATH = os.path.join(TESTS_ROOT, 'spoof')
-PROJECT_ROOT = os.path.dirname(TESTS_ROOT)
-OCRMYPDF = os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, 'OCRmyPDF.sh')
-TEST_RESOURCES = os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, 'tests', 'resources')
-TEST_OUTPUT = os.environ.get(
-    'OCRMYPDF_TEST_OUTPUT',
-    default=os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT, 'tests', 'output', 'pageinfo'))
-
-
-def setup_module():
-    with suppress(FileNotFoundError):
-        shutil.rmtree(TEST_OUTPUT)
-    with suppress(FileExistsError):
-        os.makedirs(TEST_OUTPUT)
-
-
-def _make_input(input_basename):
-    return os.path.join(TEST_RESOURCES, input_basename)
-
-
-def _make_output(output_basename):
-    return os.path.join(TEST_OUTPUT, output_basename)
-
-
-def test_single_page_text():
-    filename = os.path.join(TEST_OUTPUT, 'text.pdf')
-    pdf = Canvas(filename, pagesize=(8*72, 6*72))
+def test_single_page_text(outdir):
+    filename = outdir / 'text.pdf'
+    pdf = Canvas(str(filename), pagesize=(8*72, 6*72))
     text = pdf.beginText()
     text.setFont('Helvetica', 12)
     text.setTextOrigin(1*72, 3*72)
@@ -51,7 +26,7 @@ def test_single_page_text():
     pdf.showPage()
     pdf.save()
 
-    pdfinfo = pageinfo.pdf_get_all_pageinfo(filename)
+    pdfinfo = pageinfo.pdf_get_all_pageinfo(str(filename))
 
     assert len(pdfinfo) == 1
     page = pdfinfo[0]
@@ -60,28 +35,26 @@ def test_single_page_text():
     assert len(page['images']) == 0
 
 
-def test_single_page_image():
-    filename = os.path.join(TEST_OUTPUT, 'image-mono.pdf')
+def test_single_page_image(outdir):
+    filename = outdir / 'image-mono.pdf'
 
-    with NamedTemporaryFile(mode='wb+', suffix='.png') as im_tmp:
-        im = Image.new('1', (8, 8), 0)
-        for n in range(8):
-            im.putpixel((n, n), 1)
-        im.save(im_tmp.name, format='PNG')
+    im_tmp = outdir / 'tmp.png'
+    im = Image.new('1', (8, 8), 0)
+    for n in range(8):
+        im.putpixel((n, n), 1)
+    im.save(str(im_tmp), format='PNG')
 
-        imgsize = ((img2pdf.ImgSize.dpi, 8), (img2pdf.ImgSize.dpi, 8))
-        layout_fun = img2pdf.get_layout_fun(None, imgsize, None, None, None)
+    imgsize = ((img2pdf.ImgSize.dpi, 8), (img2pdf.ImgSize.dpi, 8))
+    layout_fun = img2pdf.get_layout_fun(None, imgsize, None, None, None)
 
-        im_tmp.seek(0)
-        im_bytes = im_tmp.read()
-        pdf_bytes = img2pdf.convert(
-                im_bytes, producer="img2pdf", with_pdfrw=False,
-                layout_fun=layout_fun)
+    im_bytes = im_tmp.read_bytes()
+    pdf_bytes = img2pdf.convert(
+            im_bytes, producer="img2pdf", with_pdfrw=False,
+            layout_fun=layout_fun)
+    with open(filename, 'wb') as pdf:
+        pdf.write(pdf_bytes)
 
-        with open(filename, 'wb') as pdf:
-            pdf.write(pdf_bytes)
-
-    pdfinfo = pageinfo.pdf_get_all_pageinfo(filename)
+    pdfinfo = pageinfo.pdf_get_all_pageinfo(str(filename))
 
     assert len(pdfinfo) == 1
     page = pdfinfo[0]
@@ -98,9 +71,9 @@ def test_single_page_image():
     assert abs(pdfimage['dpi_h'] - 8) < 1e-5
 
 
-def test_single_page_inline_image():
-    filename = os.path.join(TEST_OUTPUT, 'image-mono-inline.pdf')
-    pdf = Canvas(filename, pagesize=(8*72, 6*72))
+def test_single_page_inline_image(outdir):
+    filename = outdir / 'image-mono-inline.pdf'
+    pdf = Canvas(str(filename), pagesize=(8*72, 6*72))
     with NamedTemporaryFile() as im_tmp:
         im = Image.new('1', (8, 8), 0)
         for n in range(8):
@@ -111,7 +84,7 @@ def test_single_page_inline_image():
         pdf.showPage()
         pdf.save()
 
-    pdfinfo = pageinfo.pdf_get_all_pageinfo(filename)
+    pdfinfo = pageinfo.pdf_get_all_pageinfo(str(filename))
     print(pdfinfo)
     pdfimage = pdfinfo[0]['images'][0]
     assert (pdfimage['dpi_w'] - 8) < 1e-5
@@ -119,10 +92,10 @@ def test_single_page_inline_image():
     assert pdfimage['width'] == 8
 
 
-def test_jpeg():
-    filename = _make_input('c02-22.pdf')
+def test_jpeg(resources, outdir):
+    filename = resources / 'c02-22.pdf'
 
-    pdfinfo = pageinfo.pdf_get_all_pageinfo(filename)
+    pdfinfo = pageinfo.pdf_get_all_pageinfo(str(filename))
 
     pdfimage = pdfinfo[0]['images'][0]
     assert pdfimage['enc'] == 'jpeg'
diff --git a/tests/test_tess4.py b/tests/test_tess4.py
index c0aef95b..ba97d263 100644
--- a/tests/test_tess4.py
+++ b/tests/test_tess4.py
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ from ocrmypdf.exceptions import ExitCode
 from ocrmypdf import leptonica
 from ocrmypdf.pdfa import file_claims_pdfa
 from ocrmypdf.exec import tesseract
-from common import is_linux, running_in_docker
 
 
 TESTS_ROOT = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
@@ -28,47 +27,12 @@ pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif(not tesseract.v4(),
                                 reason="tesseract 4.0 required")
 
 
-def _infile(input_basename):
-    return os.path.join(TEST_RESOURCES, input_basename)
-
-
-def check_ocrmypdf(input_basename, output, *args, env=None):
-    "Run ocrmypdf and confirmed that a valid file was created"
-    input_file = _infile(input_basename)
-
-    p, out, err = run_ocrmypdf(input_basename, output, *args, env=env)
-    print(err)  # ensure py.test collects the output, use -s to view
-    assert p.returncode == 0
-    assert os.path.exists(output), "Output file not created"
-    assert os.stat(output).st_size > 100, "PDF too small or empty"
-    assert out == "", \
-        "The following was written to stdout and should not have been: \n" + \
-        "<stdout>\n" + out + "\n</stdout>"
-    return output
-
-
-def run_ocrmypdf(input_basename, output, *args, env=None):
-    "Run ocrmypdf and let caller deal with results"
-    input_file = _infile(input_basename)
-
-    if env is None:
-        env = os.environ
-
-    p_args = OCRMYPDF + list(args) + [input_file, output]
-    p = Popen(
-        p_args, close_fds=True, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE,
-        universal_newlines=True, env=env)
-    out, err = p.communicate()
-    print(err)
-
-    return p, out, err
-
-
 @pytest.mark.skipif(not tesseract.has_textonly_pdf(),
                     reason="requires textonly_pdf parameter")
-def test_textonly_pdf(self, tmpdir):
-    output = str(tmpdir.join("linn_textonly.pdf"))
-    check_ocrmypdf('linn.pdf', output, '--pdf-renderer', 'tess4')
+def test_textonly_pdf(resources, outdir):
+    pytest.helpers.check_ocrmypdf(
+        resources / 'linn.pdf',
+        outdir / 'linn_textonly.pdf', '--pdf-renderer', 'tess4')