diff --git a/ocrmypdf/exec/ghostscript.py b/ocrmypdf/exec/ghostscript.py
index b73912f8..d3399710 100644
--- a/ocrmypdf/exec/ghostscript.py
+++ b/ocrmypdf/exec/ghostscript.py
@@ -35,9 +35,28 @@ def _gs_error_reported(stream):
 
 
 def rasterize_pdf(input_file, output_file, xres, yres, raster_device, log,
-                  pageno=1):
+                  pageno=1, page_dpi=None):
+    """
+    Rasterize one page of a PDF at resolution (xres, yres) in canvas units.
+    
+    The image is sized to match the integer pixels dimensions implied by 
+    (xres, yres) even if those numbers are noninteger. The image's DPI will
+     be overridden with the values in page_dpi.
+    
+    :param input_file: 
+    :param output_file: 
+    :param xres: resolution at which to rasterize page
+    :param yres: 
+    :param raster_device: 
+    :param log: 
+    :param pageno: page number to rasterize
+    :param page_dpi: resolution tuple (x, y) overriding output image DPI 
+    :return: 
+    """
     res = xres, yres
     int_res = round(xres), round(yres)
+    if not page_dpi:
+        page_dpi = res
     with NamedTemporaryFile(delete=True) as tmp:
         args_gs = [
             get_program('gs'),
@@ -64,20 +83,19 @@ def rasterize_pdf(input_file, output_file, xres, yres, raster_device, log,
             log.error('Ghostscript rasterizing failed')
             raise SubprocessOutputError()
 
-        tmp.seek(0)
-
         # Ghostscript only accepts integers for output resolution
         # if the resolution happens to be fractional, then the discrepancy
         # would change the size of the output page, especially if the DPI
         # is quite low. Resize the image to the expected size
+        tmp.seek(0)
         with Image.open(tmp) as im:
             expected_size = round(im.size[0] / int_res[0] * res[0]), \
                             round(im.size[1] / int_res[1] * res[1])
-            if expected_size != im.size:
+            if expected_size != im.size or page_dpi != (xres, yres):
                 log.debug(
                     "Ghostscript: resize output image {} -> {}".format(
                         im.size, expected_size))
-                im.resize(expected_size).save(output_file)
+                im.resize(expected_size).save(output_file, dpi=page_dpi)
             else:
                 copy(tmp.name, output_file)
 
diff --git a/ocrmypdf/pdfinfo.py b/ocrmypdf/pdfinfo.py
index 8d498769..f0f4a460 100644
--- a/ocrmypdf/pdfinfo.py
+++ b/ocrmypdf/pdfinfo.py
@@ -695,7 +695,7 @@ class PdfInfo:
 
     @property
     def has_userunit(self):
-        return any(page.userunit for page in self.pages)
+        return any(page.userunit != 1.0 for page in self.pages)
 
     def __getitem__(self, item):
         return self._pages[item]
diff --git a/ocrmypdf/pipeline.py b/ocrmypdf/pipeline.py
index 8d754737..3678da9d 100644
--- a/ocrmypdf/pipeline.py
+++ b/ocrmypdf/pipeline.py
@@ -215,15 +215,18 @@ def get_page_dpi(pageinfo, options):
 
 
 def get_page_square_dpi(pageinfo, options):
-    "Get the working DPI when we require xres == yres"
+    "Get the DPI when we require xres == yres, scaled to physical units"
+    xres = pageinfo.xres or 0
+    yres = pageinfo.yres or 0
+    userunit = pageinfo.userunit or 1
     return float(max(
-        (pageinfo.xres * pageinfo.userunit) or VECTOR_PAGE_DPI,
-        (pageinfo.yres * pageinfo.userunit) or VECTOR_PAGE_DPI,
+        (xres * userunit) or VECTOR_PAGE_DPI,
+        (yres * userunit) or VECTOR_PAGE_DPI,
         options.oversample or 0))
 
 
-def get_page_true_square_dpi(pageinfo, options):
-    "Get the true DPI when we require xres == yres, and scaled in userunits"
+def get_canvas_square_dpi(pageinfo, options):
+    """Get the DPI when we require xres == yres, in Postscript units"""
     return float(max(
         (pageinfo.xres) or VECTOR_PAGE_DPI,
         (pageinfo.yres) or VECTOR_PAGE_DPI,
@@ -433,23 +436,12 @@ def rasterize_with_ghostscript(
 
     # Produce the page image with square resolution or else deskew and OCR
     # will not work properly.
-    true_dpi = get_page_true_square_dpi(pageinfo, options)
-    working_dpi = get_page_square_dpi(pageinfo, options)
+    canvas_dpi = get_canvas_square_dpi(pageinfo, options)
+    page_dpi = get_page_square_dpi(pageinfo, options)
 
-    if true_dpi == working_dpi:
-        dpi = true_dpi
-        ghostscript.rasterize_pdf(
-            input_file, output_file, xres=dpi, yres=dpi,
-            raster_device=device, log=log)
-    else:
-        # Ghostscript respects /UserUnit when rasterizing. Rasterize at
-        # the true DPI but rewrite the output image to the working DPI.
-        ghostscript.rasterize_pdf(
-            input_file, output_file + '.jpg', xres=true_dpi, yres=true_dpi,
-            raster_device=device, log=log)
-
-        with Image.open(output_file + ".jpg") as im:
-            im.save(output_file, dpi=(working_dpi, working_dpi))
+    ghostscript.rasterize_pdf(
+        input_file, output_file, xres=canvas_dpi, yres=canvas_dpi,
+        raster_device=device, log=log, page_dpi=(page_dpi, page_dpi))
 
 
 def preprocess_remove_background(