diff --git a/src/ocrmypdf/_pipeline.py b/src/ocrmypdf/_pipeline.py
index bb4426d8..dfc2f5df 100644
--- a/src/ocrmypdf/_pipeline.py
+++ b/src/ocrmypdf/_pipeline.py
@@ -170,6 +170,13 @@ def repair_and_parse_pdf(
         log.error(e)
         raise InputFileError()
 
+    if pdfinfo.needs_rendering:
+        log.error(
+            "This PDF contains dynamic XFA forms created by Adobe LiveCycle "
+            "Designer and can only be read by Adobe Acrobat or Adobe Reader."
+        )
+        raise InputFileError()
+
     if pdfinfo.has_userunit and options.output_type.startswith('pdfa'):
         log.error(
             "This input file uses a PDF feature that is not supported "
diff --git a/src/ocrmypdf/pdfinfo.py b/src/ocrmypdf/pdfinfo.py
index d877d568..eeb92907 100644
--- a/src/ocrmypdf/pdfinfo.py
+++ b/src/ocrmypdf/pdfinfo.py
@@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ def _pdf_get_pageinfo(pdf, pageno: int, infile):
 
 def _pdf_get_all_pageinfo(infile):
     pdf = pikepdf.open(infile)
-    return [PageInfo(pdf, n, infile) for n in range(len(pdf.pages))]
+    return [PageInfo(pdf, n, infile) for n in range(len(pdf.pages))], pdf
 
 
 class PageInfo:
@@ -697,7 +697,8 @@ class PdfInfo:
     """
     def __init__(self, infile):
         self._infile = infile
-        self._pages = _pdf_get_all_pageinfo(infile)
+        self._pages, pdf = _pdf_get_all_pageinfo(infile)
+        self._needs_rendering = pdf.root.get('/NeedsRendering', False)
 
     @property
     def pages(self):
@@ -718,6 +719,10 @@ class PdfInfo:
             raise NotImplementedError("can't get filename from stream")
         return self._infile
 
+    @property
+    def needs_rendering(self):
+        return self._needs_rendering
+
     def __getitem__(self, item):
         return self._pages[item]
 
@@ -727,15 +732,6 @@ class PdfInfo:
     def __repr__(self):
         return "<PdfInfo('...'), page count={}>".format(len(self))
 
-    # def __getstate__(self):
-    #     state = {'_infile': self._infile}
-    #     return state
-    #
-    # def __setstate__(self, state):
-    #     self._infile = state['_infile']
-    #     self._pages = _pdf_get_all_pageinfo(self._infile)
-
-
 def main():
     import argparse
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
diff --git a/tests/resources/README.rst b/tests/resources/README.rst
index 63fdd705..dc64622d 100644
--- a/tests/resources/README.rst
+++ b/tests/resources/README.rst
@@ -109,6 +109,11 @@ licensed under the specified license.
         - @jbarlow83
         - @jbarlow83
         - CC-BY-SA 4.0
+    *   - livecycle.pdf
+        - a minimal PDF that claims to use dynamic XFA forms
+        - @jbarlow83
+        - @jbarlow83
+        - CC-BY-SA 4.0
     *   - masks.pdf
         - file containing explicit masks and a stencil mask drawn without a proper transformation matrix; printout of a German Wikipedia article (CC-BY-SA)
         - @supergrobi
diff --git a/tests/resources/livecycle.pdf b/tests/resources/livecycle.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..633057f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/resources/livecycle.pdf
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+%PDF-1.7
+%¿÷¢þ
+1 0 obj
+<< /NeedsRendering true /Pages 2 0 R /Type /Catalog >>
+endobj
+2 0 obj
+<< /Count 1 /Kids [ 3 0 R ] /Type /Pages >>
+endobj
+3 0 obj
+<< /Contents 4 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 300 300 ] /Parent 2 0 R /Resources << >> /Type /Page >>
+endobj
+4 0 obj
+<< /Length 0 >>
+stream
+
+endstream
+endobj
+xref
+0 5
+0000000000 65535 f 
+0000000015 00000 n 
+0000000085 00000 n 
+0000000144 00000 n 
+0000000250 00000 n 
+trailer << /Root 1 0 R /Size 5 /ID [<8088c23e0edc07ef4fbed3daa55f52ed><9d36eee510d20004f32255f5800b6fd7>] >>
+startxref
+299
+%%EOF
diff --git a/tests/test_main.py b/tests/test_main.py
index dea376cf..1e90f2f5 100644
--- a/tests/test_main.py
+++ b/tests/test_main.py
@@ -925,3 +925,12 @@ def test_output_is_symlink(spoof_tesseract_noop, resources, outdir):
     )
     assert p.returncode == ExitCode.ok, err
     assert (outdir / 'out.pdf').stat().st_size > 0, 'target file not created'
+
+
+def test_livecycle(resources, no_outpdf):
+    p, _, err = run_ocrmypdf(
+        resources / 'livecycle.pdf',
+        no_outpdf
+    )
+
+    assert p.returncode == ExitCode.input_file, err