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OCRmyPDF/src/ocrmypdf/pdfinfo/_contentstream.py
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2026-01-13 01:50:57 -08:00

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Python

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 James R. Barlow
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
"""PDF content stream interpretation."""
from __future__ import annotations
import re
from collections import defaultdict
from collections.abc import Mapping
from math import hypot, inf, isclose
from typing import NamedTuple
from warnings import warn
from pikepdf import Matrix, Object, PdfInlineImage, parse_content_stream
from ocrmypdf.exceptions import InputFileError
from ocrmypdf.helpers import Resolution
from ocrmypdf.pdfinfo._types import UNIT_SQUARE
class XobjectSettings(NamedTuple):
"""Info about an XObject found in a PDF."""
name: str
shorthand: tuple[float, float, float, float, float, float]
stack_depth: int
class InlineSettings(NamedTuple):
"""Info about an inline image found in a PDF."""
iimage: PdfInlineImage
shorthand: tuple[float, float, float, float, float, float]
stack_depth: int
class ContentsInfo(NamedTuple):
"""Info about various objects found in a PDF."""
xobject_settings: list[XobjectSettings]
inline_images: list[InlineSettings]
found_vector: bool
found_text: bool
name_index: Mapping[str, list[XobjectSettings]]
class TextboxInfo(NamedTuple):
"""Info about a text box found in a PDF."""
bbox: tuple[float, float, float, float]
is_visible: bool
is_corrupt: bool
class VectorMarker:
"""Sentinel indicating vector drawing operations were found on a page."""
class TextMarker:
"""Sentinel indicating text drawing operations were found on a page."""
def _is_unit_square(shorthand):
"""Check if the shorthand represents a unit square transformation."""
values = map(float, shorthand)
pairwise = zip(values, UNIT_SQUARE, strict=False)
return all(isclose(a, b, rel_tol=1e-3) for a, b in pairwise)
def _normalize_stack(graphobjs):
"""Convert runs of qQ's in the stack into single graphobjs."""
for operands, operator in graphobjs:
operator = str(operator)
if re.match(r'Q*q+$', operator): # Zero or more Q, one or more q
for char in operator: # Split into individual
yield ([], char) # Yield individual
else:
yield (operands, operator)
def _interpret_contents(contentstream: Object, initial_shorthand=UNIT_SQUARE):
"""Interpret the PDF content stream.
The stack represents the state of the PDF graphics stack. We are only
interested in the current transformation matrix (CTM) so we only track
this object; a full implementation would need to track many other items.
The CTM is initialized to the mapping from user space to device space.
PDF units are 1/72". In a PDF viewer or printer this matrix is initialized
to the transformation to device space. For example if set to
(1/72, 0, 0, 1/72, 0, 0) then all units would be calculated in inches.
Images are always considered to be (0, 0) -> (1, 1). Before drawing an
image there should be a 'cm' that sets up an image coordinate system
where drawing from (0, 0) -> (1, 1) will draw on the desired area of the
page.
PDF units suit our needs so we initialize ctm to the identity matrix.
According to the PDF specification, the maximum stack depth is 32. Other
viewers tolerate some amount beyond this. We issue a warning if the
stack depth exceeds the spec limit and set a hard limit beyond this to
bound our memory requirements. If the stack underflows behavior is
undefined in the spec, but we just pretend nothing happened and leave the
CTM unchanged.
"""
stack = []
ctm = Matrix(initial_shorthand)
xobject_settings: list[XobjectSettings] = []
inline_images: list[InlineSettings] = []
name_index = defaultdict(lambda: [])
found_vector = False
found_text = False
vector_ops = set('S s f F f* B B* b b*'.split())
text_showing_ops = set("""TJ Tj " '""".split())
image_ops = set('BI ID EI q Q Do cm'.split())
operator_whitelist = ' '.join(vector_ops | text_showing_ops | image_ops)
for n, graphobj in enumerate(
_normalize_stack(parse_content_stream(contentstream, operator_whitelist))
):
operands, operator = graphobj
if operator == 'q':
stack.append(ctm)
if len(stack) > 32: # See docstring
if len(stack) > 128:
raise RuntimeError(
f"PDF graphics stack overflowed hard limit at operator {n}"
)
warn("PDF graphics stack overflowed spec limit")
elif operator == 'Q':
try:
ctm = stack.pop()
except IndexError:
# Keeping the ctm the same seems to be the only sensible thing
# to do. Just pretend nothing happened, keep calm and carry on.
warn("PDF graphics stack underflowed - PDF may be malformed")
elif operator == 'cm':
try:
ctm = Matrix(operands) @ ctm
except ValueError as e:
raise InputFileError(
"PDF content stream is corrupt - this PDF is malformed. "
"Use a PDF editor that is capable of visually inspecting the PDF."
) from e
elif operator == 'Do':
image_name = operands[0]
settings = XobjectSettings(
name=image_name, shorthand=ctm.shorthand, stack_depth=len(stack)
)
xobject_settings.append(settings)
name_index[str(image_name)].append(settings)
elif operator == 'INLINE IMAGE': # BI/ID/EI are grouped into this
iimage = operands[0]
inline = InlineSettings(
iimage=iimage, shorthand=ctm.shorthand, stack_depth=len(stack)
)
inline_images.append(inline)
elif operator in vector_ops:
found_vector = True
elif operator in text_showing_ops:
found_text = True
return ContentsInfo(
xobject_settings=xobject_settings,
inline_images=inline_images,
found_vector=found_vector,
found_text=found_text,
name_index=name_index,
)
def _get_dpi(ctm_shorthand, image_size) -> Resolution:
"""Given the transformation matrix and image size, find the image DPI.
PDFs do not include image resolution information within image data.
Instead, the PDF page content stream describes the location where the
image will be rasterized, and the effective resolution is the ratio of the
pixel size to raster target size.
Normally a scanned PDF has the paper size set appropriately but this is
not guaranteed. The most common case is a cropped image will change the
page size (/CropBox) without altering the page content stream. That means
it is not sufficient to assume that the image fills the page, even though
that is the most common case.
A PDF image may be scaled (always), cropped, translated, rotated in place
to an arbitrary angle (rarely) and skewed. Only equal area mappings can
be expressed, that is, it is not necessary to consider distortions where
the effective DPI varies with position.
To determine the image scale, transform an offset axis vector v0 (0, 0),
width-axis vector v0 (1, 0), height-axis vector vh (0, 1) with the matrix,
which gives the dimensions of the image in PDF units. From there we can
compare to actual image dimensions. PDF uses
row vector * matrix_transposed unlike the traditional
matrix * column vector.
The offset, width and height vectors can be combined in a matrix and
multiplied by the transform matrix. Then we want to calculated
magnitude(width_vector - offset_vector)
and
magnitude(height_vector - offset_vector)
When the above is worked out algebraically, the effect of translation
cancels out, and the vector magnitudes become functions of the nonzero
transformation matrix indices. The results of the derivation are used
in this code.
pdfimages -list does calculate the DPI in some way that is not completely
naive, but it does not get the DPI of rotated images right, so cannot be
used anymore to validate this. Photoshop works, or using Acrobat to
rotate the image back to normal.
It does not matter if the image is partially cropped, or even out of the
/MediaBox.
"""
a, b, c, d, _, _ = ctm_shorthand # pylint: disable=invalid-name
# Calculate the width and height of the image in PDF units
image_drawn = hypot(a, b), hypot(c, d)
def calc(drawn, pixels, inches_per_pt=72.0):
# The scale of the image is pixels per unit of default user space (1/72")
scale = pixels / drawn if drawn != 0 else inf
dpi = scale * inches_per_pt
return dpi
dpi_w, dpi_h = (calc(image_drawn[n], image_size[n]) for n in range(2))
return Resolution(dpi_w, dpi_h)