Before 42ff7fc842, `make_rotate_test`
always used `resources / 'typewriter.png'`, but after the change the
second call accidentally used just `resources`, which is a directory,
and fails to open.
Might take time for big files. Pdf.open() potentially is expensive as well, but QPDF doesn't give us progress feedback for that.
Closes Show progress during postprocessing #1313
Addresses [Bug]: Crash on multiple .pdf files #1312
Not actually a fix, but at least it will get us better diagnostics. Appears old Tesseract 4.x generates bad line boxes at times.
In 0.12.1, Typer was significantly reorganized.
- `typer-slim` is the library (for `import typer`)
- `typer-slim[standard]` adds optional dependencies (currently `rich`
and `shellingham`, basically equivalent to the old `typer[all]`)
- `typer-cli` is the `typer` command-line tool
- `typer` is now basically a metapackage that brings in *all of the
above*, and it no longer has an `all` extra
Pip will warn about this and proceed,
```
WARNING: typer 0.12.1 does not provide the extra 'all'
```
but there are other tools that will fail hard when asked to resolve a
(now) nonexistent extra.
Since this project doesn’t need the `typer` command-line tool, it looks
like changing the dependency to `typer-slim[standard]` is the best way
forward.
See https://typer.tiangolo.com/release-notes/#0121 and
tiangolo/typer#785 for further discussion
and details.
* Update URL for PDFMARK documentation
For reference, here is a link to the old PDF:
https://web.archive.org/web/20190806035303/https://www.adobe.com/content/dam/acom/en/devnet/acrobat/pdfs/pdfmark_reference.pdf
It appears Adobe converted the PDF into a webpage-based document, the
wording seems to almost identical b/w the PDF and the website.
* Fix cross-references to JBIG2 page
* Fix links for Fedora + Arch + HEAD revision install
Fedora 39 has been released, and the package tracker no longer includes
a release overview for Fedora 37 hence why it was removed here.
Full message
eportlab/lib/rl_safe_eval.py:11: DeprecationWarning: ast.NameConstant is deprecated and will be removed in Python 3.14; use ast.Constant instead
haveNameConstant = hasattr(ast,'NameConstant')
Warning triggered by reportlab-4.0.7 and Python 3.12
Feature requested in issue #1179, but caused #1195. On further review,
there is no platform independent way to manage extended attributes
and it is not clear copying them through is necessarily the sensible
thing to do.
Closes#1179.
The good: don't have to do inverse and intermediate transforms.
The bad: skew looks bad, partly because the hOCR coordinate system is inconsistent around skew?
The executor system was built around passing only a single
argument to workers, which was
always PageContext. For other tasks, all actual arguments were packed in
a tuple, which meant we needed intermediate functions to unpack the
tuple.
The situation is now rationlized and resembles how Python handles
argument passing to familiar multiprocessing tools.
Some debug code was level in place that forced pdfinfo to run with only
one worker when --use-threads was issued. That is how it ought to be,
since threaded pdfinfo workers just fight over the GIL and there is no
sense in parallelizing them.
Also, the user's --use-threads or --no-use-threads would be ignored in
the case of pdfinfo. By setting max_workers=1 we disabled worker processes.
This fixes how that decision is made (putting it in the relevant code, which
knows its constraints) and allows the user to influence the
thread/process decision again.
Breaking change for PDF rendering plugins (although none are known to exist).
This provides better separation of Ghostscript specific concerns from
the generic plugin interface.
* Add installation instructions for Gentoo Linux to README.md
* Correct installation instructions for macOS (nix) in README.md
* Move installation instructions for Gentoo Linux from README.md to docs/installation.rst
---------
Co-authored-by: Fonic <5cx5jbnmt@mozmail.com>
This is mainly to permit the use of --tesseract-timeout 0 as a way of
disabling OCR but still allowing deskew and orientation detection to work.
The better solution will be introducing an explicit argument to
"don't ocr my pdf", but that will take more rework.
This is mainly to permit the use of --tesseract-timeout 0 as a way of
disabling OCR but still allowing deskew and orientation detection to work.
The better solution will be introducing an explicit argument to
"don't ocr my pdf", but that will take more rework.
* Fix snap package building (#1082)
Currently the snap package no longer contains the main Python package
of OCRmyPDF due to the fact that [Snapcraft doesn't run the `pip install .`
command when the setup.py isn't detected in the source tree][1]. This
patch incorporates a workaround from [@cjp256 at the Snapcraft Forum][2]
to generate a setup.py file from the pyproject.toml to make the package
works again.
[1]: [Line 143 of snapcraft/python.py at 0e2cf91 · snapcore/snapcraft · GitHub](https://github.com/snapcore/snapcraft/blob/0e2cf91/snapcraft_legacy/plugins/v2/python.py#L143)
[2]: [Ian Johnson's reply in "Building a core20 python snap using pyproject.toml - snapcraft - snapcraft.io"](https://forum.snapcraft.io/t/building-a-core20-python-snap-using-pyproject-toml/22028/2)
Fixes#1082.
Signed-off-by: 林博仁(Buo-ren Lin) <Buo.Ren.Lin@gmail.com>
* Remove unnecessary cloning of own source tree to build the snap package
Signed-off-by: 林博仁(Buo-ren Lin) <Buo.Ren.Lin@gmail.com>
---------
Signed-off-by: 林博仁(Buo-ren Lin) <Buo.Ren.Lin@gmail.com>
Packages needed to install jbig2 encoding are mentioned for Ubuntu systems but are missing for other systems. This commit adds the infomation in the documentation what the packages are called on Fedora systems.
Generate the encrypted files we need and remove special test files we retained for this.
Replace jbig2.pdf based on congress.jpg with version based on ccitt.pdf.
This patch includes a jbig2enc build into the snap package, allow the
user to run OcrMyPDF with the --jbig2-lossy option or other options that trigger JBIG2 encoding.
Signed-off-by: 林博仁(Buo-ren Lin) <Buo.Ren.Lin@gmail.com>
The existing logic would call an OCR plugin's get_languages function before
allowing the plugin to check if its dependencies were available. This caused
an exception if Tesseract was installed, when we were supposed to issue
an error message advising the user to install Tesseract.
Unpaper or its underlying libraries don't seem to accept pnms with an
odd integer width. Although it's not clear if this is the issue at all.
In any case, keeping the image a PNG works around the issue. unpaper
only accepted PNM input in the past, which is why we send it PNM.
Since it now accepts PNG, we might as well use PNG.
Unpaper can write PNG as output too, but this added a few seconds to
the test suite was not committed.
Related issues:
https://github.com/ocrmypdf/OCRmyPDF/issues/887https://github.com/ocrmypdf/OCRmyPDF/issues/665https://github.com/unpaper/unpaper/issues/82
* watcher: Add an option to archive processed originals
This adds a feature from existing OCRmyPDF watchdog Docker containers like meyay/ocrmypdf-batch and unze/ocrmypdf-watchdog. With this option, the input directory can be kept clean from already processed files, without losing the originals.
* docs: Improve watcher.py's Docker parameters documentation
Add Snap. Remove Mageia because I have no idea if it still works. Drop a
lot of old versions and old notes. Change pip3->pip except for old py2/py3 images.
Try to make things less version sensitive.
Fixes#974 when used in conjunction with Python 3.10.
Reviewed other uses of TemporaryDirectory in ocrmypdf and decided it
was not worth fixing them since neither are exactly production code.
Adding Ubuntu package names for dependencies I needed to save others time. The tequired package for leptonica is particularly confusing since configure just says "Error! Leptonica not detected." and there are multiple leptonica packages
Switch to --use-threads seems to have broken tests that assumed they could
monkeypatch things. Although that's odd, since while we can have multiple
worker threads, we should never have
parallel tests in the same process.
Appears that these are spurious errors from qpdf probing the /DecodeParms
dict on images that don't have it.
Not sure exactly why it happens but this can be safely ignored.
ProcessPool/ThreadPool don't have the ability to notice when a child worker
was terminated. ProcessPoolExecutor and ThreadPoolExecutor do notice and
provide better error messages.
Add tests to check.
Specifying option --oversample tends to introduce upsampling in rendering
by rasterizing page to an higher DPI.
This upsampling improves OCR results, but a correct choice of interpolation
method can increase even more the OCR quality.
Ghostscript seems to use a nearest interpolation as default choice for pdf.
This method doesn't average new introduced pixels with original pixels
resulting in an almost similar image but with more pixels.
Providing -dInterpolateControl=-1 force switching interpolation on.
In this commit the above option is passed to all ghostscript rendering
calls.
After testing, rendering a page at same DPI with interpolation
enabled does not introduce significant time overhead.
time (repeat 40 gs -dQUIET -dSAFER -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=png16m \
-dFirstPage=1 -dLastPage=1 -r100.000000x100.000000 \
-dInterpolateControl=-1 -o /dev/null -dAutoRotatePages=/None -f pzII.pdf)
7,66s user 0,33s system 99% cpu 8,012 total
time (repeat 40 gs -dQUIET -dSAFER -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=png16m \
-dFirstPage=1 -dLastPage=1 -r100.000000x100.000000 \
-o /dev/null -dAutoRotatePages=/None -f pzII.pdf)
7,42s user 0,39s system 99% cpu 7,808 total
Ghostscript interpolation control reference:
https://www.ghostscript.com/doc/current/Use.htm
PDFs are quite likely to have a lot of pixels, e.g. large high resolution scans.
250 MP is a page of A0 sized paper scanned at 400 DPI,
should be enough in most cases.
Tesseract is now included better thresholding (binarization) in v5. Users that have
thresholding issues should try that first. If we find further problems
this can be brought back as a plugin.
When compiled without pybind11 2.8.0, pikepdf supplies a shim to implement
pikepdf._ObjectMapping.values() which has subtly different semantics
from a true dict-like objects; in particular it supports
next(objectmap.values())
where a standard dict requires
next(iter(objectmap.values()).
pybind11 2.8.0 now implements .values() properly, meaning some misuses of
protocol in ocrmypdf fail.
If pybind11 < 2.8.0, pikepdf will
continue to offer its shim. If pybind11 >= 2.8.0, pikepdf does not add its shim.
Consequently no changes were needed in pikepdf.
Closes#843
Error is:
TypeError: from_buffer() got a 'memoryview' object, which supports the buffer interface but cannot be rendered as a plain raw address on PyPy
PyPy is happy to access a bytes() copy of the memoryview.
The Python default version was changed from 3.7 to 3.8 at the end of April. For the new quarterly branch, 2021Q3, Python 3.8 has also been the default version since July.
Thanks to @andkrause for submitting the initial PR that made this change
possible, @0x326 for review comments on the same PR, and both for their
patience in waiting for the rest of OCRmyPDF to catch up.
Co-authored-by: James R. Barlow
Closes#564
Acrobat insists that PDF/A-1b should not have object streams.
Other programs like veraPDF disagree with this restriction, but
we can accommodate Acrobat so we will.
Also add more tests around this.
Now all tests pass, except for:
-tests that check the progress bar
-tests where xdist may or may not load a _lambda_plugin by running
some other test first before a test in optimize
Previously if we found vectors of any sort on a page, we would bump
the DPI up to 400. We did nothing
about pages with text. As a result,
pages with a low image resolution
and printable text would have the text downgraded to image
resolution when --force-ocr was used.
We don't try to determine if the text is visible or invisible OCR text, since
that is a slower test. --redo-ocr would improve such cases anyway.
Previously we produced a raster image, then multiplied image width
by DPI to get the page size. However if there is rounding the
page size may not match exactly. In this modified approach we
constrain the page size to match.
Our method of getting data from pdfminer would silently consume a StopIteration
if pdfminer returned no processed pages, leading to odd error message.
We improve an error from pdfminer properly, and returning a more
descriptive error of our own.
It would be possible for ocrmypdf to repair the file before sending it to
pdfminer, but this seems to be rare enough that we won't do that yet.
The parameters are equivalent but the latter is better named. Since
Python 3.6 doesn't support text= we use our wrapper to add it in that
place.
This is for subprocess.run.
Commit 1327ab3 introduced a fix for a regression, which was reported
in #581, #634. It appears that the actual cause of this issue was
default parameters to rasterize_pdf_page in pluggy not working as
expected, causing a default rotation=0 even when a rotation was needed.
As such the OCR image was generated with the wrong orientation,
causing the initial regression and fix in commit 1327ab3.
Now that the real problem is identified, it's apparent that the logic
prior to 1327ab3 was found and we can revert to 1327ab3 since it fixes
all known cases including #658.
This reverts 1327ab3 except for retaining improves to rotation output.
When used as a library ocrmypdf shouldn't make policy decisions, like where to
put a log file. Unsurprisingly, creating it causes problems for library users
because we deleted the temporary folder which held the log file and made no
effort to move it to a new location.
Also update the documentation to better described how an application should
handle this.
Closes#657
Infrequently we can reproduce this error:
terminating with uncaught exception of type std::runtime_error: pybind11_object_dealloc(): Tried to deallocate unregistered instance!
The error is probably related to pybind11 issue #2252 and a bunch of
other related issues. Until that is resolved in pybind11 and pikepdf
we will disable the pikepdf mmap interface.
At the time these files were contributed there was no discussion
of the license that the authors wanted to use, but the project was
MIT licensed at the time. As such, these files deemed to be MIT licensed.
https://github.com/jbarlow83/OCRmyPDF/issues/600
These files were contributed when the project license was GPLv3. On
discussion, all known authors of these files agreed to place them
under MIT license.
See https://github.com/jbarlow83/OCRmyPDF/issues/600
Unpaper accepts PNG as input now, so avoid generating a huge
temporary PPM file if we can. If we
must create a PNG, compress it lightly to keep our temp usage down.
Removed all cases except one in api.py, which isn't worth solving because
it should be removed anyway.
This also fixes a logic error in the OMP_THREAD_LIMIT decision, api.py
did not use pass kwargs correctly so they never worked before.
Breaks tests/test_main.py::test_tesseract_missing_tessdata because
conftest.py does not update options.tesseract_env before testing options
for some reason, and tesseract.has_textonly_pdf raises an exception
instead of returning False as the test assumes.
The python-pdfminer.six package is now available in the official Arch
repositories. The dependency will be automatically resolved when
installing the OCRmyPDF AUR package.
While faster than Python based methods, we've outgrown the limited
amount of information Ghostscript provides with this feature, and it
repeats an analysis we have to do anyway to learn what images are
present.
This version required a patch that has since been mainlined, and also did not
declare its dependency on chardet
correctly. We can remove both hacks now.
This describes how to use the AUR package on a minimal install, as per
the discussion in #494.
There may be formatting mistakes. I don't use RST myself, so I wrote the
instructions in Markdown, converted via Pandoc, and gave the output a
quick comparison against the rest of the installation docs.
Python 3.7 is the new default version since 2020Q1 which is reflected in
the new prefix (= py37-).
Also update the current available FreeBSD versions:
* FreeBSD 11.2-RELEASE has reached its End-of-Life in 2019Q4
* FreeBSD 12.1-RELEASE was also introduced in 2019Q4
pytest does not reset the state of logging if we install a file handler,
which will cause FileNotFoundError after the temporary folder is removed.
Semi-related:
https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/5502
For reasons not entirely clear, stdout will get some data injected when
pytest-cov is running. Our tests that
check for clean stdout need to ignore this.
We check for an environment variable that is defined only when coverage is
running.
pytest-cov documentation recommends using explicit
management of multiprocessing.Pool rather than the context manager.
This is supposed to work better for collecting coverage data, particularly
on Windows.
macOS (due to Homebrew) currently has the most comprehensive code
coverage. Azure's code coverage feature does not merge code coverage,
so last task to finish wins.
If a preprocessing option was used,
and all original images on the page were JPEGs,
and --output-type=pdf, then
images would saved as Flate instead
of converted to JPEG.
Due to difficulties of getting this to work on Python 3.8, Windows, and
high probability that this behavior is now gone from Tesseract 4.0+.
Originally added in 2017.
Previously we included the
filename, which required Postscript to run with file access enabled. For
security, Ghostscript 9.28 enables ``-dSAFER`` and as such, no longer
permits access to any file by default. This fix is necessary for
compatibility with Ghostscript 9.28.
We use ASCII85 for a slightly more compact representation.
Previously we attempted to reinsert all PNGs, but it appears to be
unlikely that Leptonica's API is actually capable of optimizing the PNG
before it inserts it.
In any event qpdf has gained image optimization capabilities as well
which we coudld borrow.
There seems to be version to version inconsistencies between
Leptonica's photometric interpretation of 1bpp images, in
particular commit a0692307 introduces a change to force transcoding
in this situation.
However, I never entirely got to the bottom of where the problem
is, and in any event 1bpp images are probably better optimized
by JBIG2 than pngquant, so we're going to stop running them through
pngquant.
It got dropped during the change. This feature has also been altered so that
the final visual appearance of the file is not affected, only the OCR image.
Issue was the usual business: objects that cross process boundaries need
to be picklable and Python 3.6 is more strict about this. The logger
object in particular interfered, so now we suppress it and rebuild it
in process.
There seems to be no reasonable way to handle Ctrl-C with a
ProcessPoolExecutor. Or at least you have to press it several times to
actually kill. Pool does the job.
The new emplacement method updates page objects in place without
generating new objgen numbers, meaning we no longer need to update the table
of contents to preserve links.
With the new pikepdf 1.2.0 we no longer need to hold file handles
open because of the "copy to memory" functionality. We retain
the behavior of closing/reopening the output PDF every 100 pages as
a way to limit memory usage.
During some past refactor it appears we now end up treating
all JBIG2 images as if they appeared on the last page in the
file. This bug had no visual side ffects but probably led to
suboptimal JBIG2 encoding.
If the color count of an image is low such as when black and white
documents are scanned in color, PNG with lossy quantization may
produce a superior encoding to JPEG. This is expensive to test however.
Previously we opened pngquant-compressed PNGs with transcoding
because the transcode free function in Leptonica didn't seem to
work. This mean Leptonica may have thrown away the hard of
pngquant if didn't understand the encoding.
This change resolves the issue and allows us to open PNG encoded
data and insert it into a PDF without transcoding. Should improve
encoding quality.
* Do not exclude .git from docker build
* Use multi-stage builds to keep the image size down
* Copy project files to get the test suite.
* Add webservice
* Add tesseract language data for German and Chinese Simplified
The default homebrew formula installs only the English language pack.
Another brew formula exists to install all other language packs.
This makes it easier than having to do the whole install manually.
If using --tesseract-timeout 0 and any image processing on a file with
more than 100 pages, the weave handoff will occur. Ensure this
works correctly even if no Glyphless font is present.
Closes#347
We no longer use Ghostscript to manage PDF metadata, instead
omitting the DOCINFO segment from the pdfmark file we generate.
Instead all of the relevant metadata code has been migrated to pikepdf,
and we use that API. This should be more consistent and fixes the
Ghostscript version-depedent quirks.
Also removes our python-xmp-toolkit dependency, except for
testing.
It appears that PDFs created by this software have a bug in their BBox
which will cause us to misjudge the space occupied by the font.
Other programs probably work around this by ignoring BBox and reading
each character procedure.
Rather than grouping visible/invisible in a custom analysis step,
use pdfminer's analysis and iterate.
Make iteration predicate and return more generic.
* Fix unreachable code
This fixes an issue reported by LGTM.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Weil <sw@weilnetz.de>
* Remove unused imports
This fixes several recommendations from LGTM.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Weil <sw@weilnetz.de>
Soft masks are only allowed to be of colorspace DeviceGray so we
shouldn't use pngquant on them. For now, avoid this exceptional
case by excluded soft masks from optimization.
Ghostscript no longer supports UTF-16-BE-hex strings as a way of
supplying Unicode data in pdfmark so we have lost this functionality too:
http://git.ghostscript.com/?p=ghostpdl.git;a=commit;h=e997c6836d243ab37fe3a5f0d57974af95eb5eac
For users this means setting --title, --author, etc. will not work if gs
9.24 is installed, but if the file has existing metadata it might work.
For now we enforce police-state-strict ASCII, until there's time to
implement proper metadata editing. Relevant tests set to xfail.
Kodak Capture Desktop and probably other software creates a
/Outlines entry with /First being set to an invalid indirect reference to
an object that hasn't been created. This is legal in the PDF spec but
problematic for qpdf. The objgen will be (max valid object ID + 1, 0).
Because we create new objects in _weave, some TOC entries will end
up assigned to new objects we create. Typically /ProcSet.
We solve the issue by refactoring page traversal and then doing it
twice, once to resolve all references (eliminating the null
reference problem) and a second pass to make our changes.
For some reason PyPDF2 has begun to trigger internal errors in
pytest on macOS alone. Not sure why, but nothing is wrong that I can
see. Seemed like an opportune time to switch to pikepdf; found some
new issues in the process anyway.
As reported in #281 and confirmed by the test file in #279, downsampling
the preview adversely affects quality of image rotation especially for
small font sizes and marginal scans.
Full size gets rotation accuracy. This makes rotation a little inefficient
since it rasterizes twice - to be addressed later.
It looks like from the gs manual that this parameter is only respected for
vector devices so it never had any effect, but to stay on the safe side,
which it off.
Since pikepdf is doing the work the initial repair takes time and gives
little benefit.
It turns out to not be worthwhile to
save the results of PdfInfo parsing,
since the time to save this seems to exceed the costs of recalculating
it since the "weave" code. At least
for small files.
Need to use private fork of ruffus for Python 3.7. Backward compatible with Python 3.6 for ruffus 2.6.3
Disable locale checking for 3.7 since the various fixes in that release should make it unnecessary.
At some point the color gets flipped, we have to flip it again,
for mono.
Incidentally this exposed an unused
optimization. Should change the
first past to scan all images and
record monochrome xrefs, then optimize
JPEG and PNG, possibly adding
mono images to the monochrome
queue. Finally, do JBIG2 optimization.
We no longer need to merge pages this way. Much of the functionality
was there to implement page splitting without hitting ulimit which
will be fixed in qpdf > 8.0.2. The tests were expensive to run.
Also remove pytest-timeout since it breaks the Linux build.
Prior to unsplit, if we were rebuilding the PDF we'd lose the
table of contents. With unsplit we keep the original file and patch
the table of contents as necessary, adn that works fine.
This remaining bit of code from PyMuPDF actually damages the
table of contents and removing it fixes the test suite. G'bye.
qpdf from appimage does not report its version with --version if renamed
or accessed via symlink. Use an environment variable to supply it
where needed.
Grafting lets us work with older Tesseract versions as if they could use
sandwich, so there is no point in keeping it. It's been deprecated for a
long time now anyway.
Related to previous validation issue. If the /CreationDate had no
timezone, Ghostscript also creates invalid metadata. Work around this.
Also fix up PDF date decoding, and transcode dates to standardize them.
Since the new weaving method copies the font and content
stream from the Tesseract PDF, it doesn't matter if Tesseract
happens to have an image or not.
If Tesseract is text-only capable we use that feature for efficiency,
but ignore the image either way.
It's unclear how exactly a
colormapped image gets to this
spot given the tendency of other
image processing tools to flatten
such images, but someone made it happen, so now we make sure
the image is okay.
Closes#262
Changed to match TIFF spec's use of unsigned types, eliminated check for
/Columns.
There is some complex behavior for /Width != /Columns and
(/Width, /Columns) mod 8 != 0
that is not described well in the PDF spec.
To work around PNG corruption problem in PyMuPDF for monochrome images,
extract and save monochrome CCITT with synthetic TIFF header.
Works better but currently skips /ImageMask due to qpdf
implementation, which affects many files.
Seems better to accept whatever leptonica rather than make detailed
assumptions about how it encodes the palette.
Experimented with setting FlateDecode on the palette but it seems to
expand it.
Turns out it does not transcode at all in this case, so probably going
to revert to transcoding PNG -> PNG. However if pngquant or similar is
done, this API will still be useful.
Leptonica does a better job of encoding them than Ghostscript, about -15%.
For a test file 450k worth of
PNGs was reduced to 388k with no loss of quality.
Awkwardly using fitz and pikepdf, transcode monochrome to CCITT.
This requires _OCRMYPDF_NO_FITZ=1.
00000x.opt.pdf can be checked for JBIG2 to confirm, but this file is
not passed to the output since it's not all wired up yet.
Previous incarnation was only suitable for generating a local cache
where the suite was executed repeatedly. Now the cache ignores
differences, so it can be checked into Github and shared.
Source files to GPL3
Exceptions:
-tests/spoof/* to MIT
-hocrtransform.py
-_unicodefun.py
Test resources to CC BY-SA 4.0 except when otherwise noted.
Add GPL license.
With garbage collection it reduces waste on the worst case file.
That's nice. 1 MB -> 105 MB -> 1.5 MB.
Indicates really problem is using PyPDF2 to watermark.
Currently hacked into --output-type pdf.
Previously page splitting occurred in a single process because it was
not believed to affect performance much. It turned out to be an expensive
operation.
It now scales better with large page sizes although this has a negative
effect on small files.
Overall time changes as follows:
7 page file, 9.02s -> 9.56s
731 page file, 213s -> 97s
WITH --tesseract-timeout 0 --output-type pdf --skip-text
i.e. you don't get a 2.2x speed gain when OCR is available.
Squashed a commit to ix test suite failure on --rotate-pages
Squashed a commit to remove debug code
Homebrew removed python3 and python now defaults to version 3. Here we
use `brew upgrade python` to upgrade the pre-installed version of
python to python3.
Homebrew removed python3 and python now defaults to version 3. Here we
use `brew upgrade python` to upgrade the pre-installed version of
python to python3.
Here we are manually scaling the pt width used for the BoundingBox and
the Text element when manually adding whitespace to account for
limitations of the PDF.js viewer. This fixes an initial regression
noticed when selecting text elements in Chrome and PDFium. The width
of the Text element and BoundBox had not been adjusted for the
additional whitespace so the highlighting was offset slightly.
This commit includes an optional work around for limitations of the
PDF.js viewer described in
https://github.com/jbarlow83/OCRmyPDF/issues/133. Here is explicitly
add an addition space to text elements before drawing them on the PDF
canvas when using the HOCR renderer. This option does not apply to
other pdf renderers in OCRmyPDF and is turned off by default.
Previously we threw an exception if the output name was a directory (only after doing OCR) and would trigger a PermissionError on trying to flip permission bits of /dev/null due to shutil.copyfile implementation. Instead of copying file use shutil.copyfileobj which should also respect umask etc.
If OCR is skipped due to --tesseract-timeout or similar, and the skip page is rotated with /Rotate, and the skip page was deskewed or had other image processing, then the skip page was created with the wrong dimensions causing the output page to be cropped.
Omitted French because the rare 'oe' and 'ÿ' glyphs are not in Latin-1.
Basically steer people away from HOCR renderer but avoid a potential
disruptive behavior change.
Tesseract 3.05.01 backported the textonly_pdf=1 which allows the use
of this superior PDF renderer prior to 4.00 alpha. This means that
the tess4 name is no longer accurate, so call it a sandwich because of
its merge-preserve characteristic. Preserve the tess4 name. Fix the
documentation and tests to reflect this.
Make it the default, because it’s better. It does not have the issues
the “tesseract” renderer does prior to Tess 3.05.00 with rendering
PDFs that Ghostscript corrupts, and it produces better output without
re-rastering.
Deprecate some old stuff to avoid the test suite growing obscenely
large.
This currently distorts the output size because Tesseract assumes it
knows the DPI better than we do.
Does not work for Ghostscript, because it emerges that Ghostscript
honors /UserUnit for rasterizing but not in pdfwrite (resolve/wontfix).
https://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=690781
Ghostscript’s output would need to be patched in a PDF/A safe way for
this to work. Temporary route may be to block Ghostscript if
/UserUnit.
Forgot to update tesseract spoofers to account for change in tesseract
parameters. Also the change to outputting multiple files in the collate
steps affected how ruffus passes information into downstream consumers
of those files.
The 4th argument of re.sub() is maximum number of substitutions,
not flags.
Moreover, re.MULTILINE affects only semantics of ^ and $,
so it wouldn't have any effect on this regular expression.
If tess4 renderer needed to skip OCR on a page it would end up
duplicating the page contents onto the new page, rather than creating
a blank OCR layer and placing it on the output page. This created
duplicated content in output files.
Ghostscript 9.21 does not seem to accept Unicode above U+FFFF. Previous
versions did, but it now exits with a rangecheck error (-15).
Reject on the command line for now. Complete fix would also need to
check input PDF’s metadata.
At recommendation of Artifex people, don’t use the filename pdfa_def.ps
because if given without a full path Ghostscript will prioritize
searching its own resources over the current directory, and will pick up
the example file pdfa_def.ps instead. We used the full path anyway,
but this is a prudent defensive change to avoid odd Ghostscript behavior.
Unfortunately because of this issue
https://github.com/docker/hub-feedback/issues/292
Docker Hub effectively automatically changes directory to the location
of Dockerfile, meaning needed files are not in the right places, so
this has to be reverted.
This reverts commit 65c9a07dde.
[ci skip]
Unfortunately because of this issue
https://github.com/docker/hub-feedback/issues/292
Docker Hub effectively automatically changes directory to the location
of Dockerfile, meaning needed files are not in the right places, so
this has to be reverted.
Installing Tess4 PPA over Tess3 proved too much pain, so sever the link
between this and the jbarlow83/ocrmypdf image, starting each from
scratch. Also the complete set of language packs proves too much - the
build seems likely to fail when trying to install so many.
Debian now has a few disadvantages:
-there is no convenient PPA for Debian tesseract 4.0, but there is for
Ubuntu
-Ubuntu sets locale to UTF-8 automatically removing the need to do this
All three ocrmypdf docker images are now based on a common Ubuntu
16.10 image, derived from the one used to build ocrmypdf-tess4.
-polyglot now differs from -tess4 only by opting into the tess4 PPA.
Both Ubuntu 16.10 and Debian stretch use tesseract 3.04.01 now making
the sharp.ttf patch unnecessary. /etc/apt/sources has been unused for a
while now both have newer Ghostscripts.
At least on macOS with my quadcore performance improves with two
tesseracts in parallel (20% gain). Hard to say how this will affect
Linux, but stepping up to 2 jobs seems justifiable.
It seems that Tesseract v4 on a platform with OpenMP working correctly
while perform poorly with ocrmypdf because each will also soak up all
available CPUs. Running N^2 processes/threads on a N-core CPU where
each wants 100% of CPU turns out to be detrimental.
So, we restrict ocrmypdf w/tessv4 to a single Tesseract process at a
time, for now. Alternative may be to limit OpenMP threads if throughput
is higher.
Because ruffus doesn’t handle exceptions well I tended to call sys.exit
to make sure we got out of dodge when needed. However, sys.exit is not
ideal for the Python API this is moving towards, so this introduces
proper exceptions for the various cases that retain suggested error
codes. Only __main__.py should call sys.exit now, everyone else has to
throw an exception.
For now the worker raising a fatal exception is logging messages rather
than passing an exception object with the fatal error message, mainly
because ruffus doesn’t properly marshall the exception object so we
just check “what is the name of the exception class that caused ruffus
to thrown an RethrownJobError”?
Also fixed along the way was the wrong return code being shown for
encrypted PDF checking, and incorrect use of str.find (e.output.find)
in boolean logic (str.find returns -1 on failure to find, which is True).
This leaves __main__.py to handle command line arguments while pipeline.py
runs the pipeline - mostly. They are still somewhat intertwined, with
__main__.py doing essential things for pipeline.py, etc., and some
helper functions that could go in their own module.
All tests pass after this major refactor.
Redirect stderr->stdout to hopefully make GS output easier to work with
overall, since the previous code didn’t seem to account for mixed used
properly.
As of 3.1.1, our minimum version, these codecs are now required by
default for a successful installation, effectively solving the problem
of Pillow installed without libjpeg/libpng.
-update requirements.txt and dev_requirements.txt to more recent version
-setup.py updated to Ubuntu 14.04 rather than 12.04 backports
-request at least Pillow 3.1.1 now (since this makes jpeg/png mandatory)
Never really investigated the reason why ruffus returns a mutex to go
along with its logger. It seems that the mutex is only needed if one
wanted to make multiple successive calls to a log function and have
them appear appear atomically. It is not needed to protect the logger
proxy because accessing the proxy triggers IPC in the child process
that handles the multiprocessing.Manager() object.
The logging wrapper only logs one line at a time, so the mutex does not
actually protect logging sequence. Cut it.
Also manager.Lock() returns a threading.Lock object so the purpose of it
is actually to help processes share a thread-level lock. It would be
more appropriate to use a semaphore based multiprocessing.Lock.
I experimented with the idea of using asyncio-based processing but
realized that that does not solve the import time binding problem
that is the real issue. Therefore the simpler refactoring is to convert
to ruffus-oo syntax and get things working again.
build_pipeline() is really ugly at the moment. The old syntax had its
advantages.
This test reproduces the complete pipeline graph but does not work
otherwise.
It looks like GS 9.19 can incorrectly set overprinting for the text layer
even though this makes no sense in PDF/A, or at least someone produced
PDFs that have this after a Tesseract PDF -> GS PDF/A conversion. GS 9.20
complains about this. Instead of aborting, elide the feature.
See
http://git.ghostscript.com/?p=ghostpdl.git;a=commitdiff;h=094d5a1880f1cb9ed320ca9353eb69436e09b594
and
issue #107.
It looks like it is better to elide features and warn about elision rather
than abort with an error.
Turns out this occurred in any case where pdf-renderer hocr was used
and a tesseract timeout or error occurred. We created a replacement
page based on the unrotated page dimensions instead of the input image’s
dimensions.
Mathjax isn't actually needed for OCRmyPDF's docs, but enabling this
extension causes the browser to download a copy of mathjax.js from
cdn.mathjax.org anyway.
I have to disable this for the offline docs bundled with Debian, but
since you're not using mathjax, it would be nice to have the diff merged
upstream.
For sanity's sake, deal with tesseract streams in binary without
transcoding (via universal_newlines, etc.). The only differences are
printing messages regarding spoofing.
Also hash the source file so that changes to the cache mechanism
invalidate old cache automatically. That is probably too aggressive,
but simple and safer than the previous approach.
Some PDFs omit the traditional q/Q wrapper and alter ctm with a stack
depth of zero, so make our test for stack depth specifically test for
the case where the PDF calls for rendering to an uninitialized ctm.
Probably related to #97.
This helper script is still in development and needs to be changed each
release, which breaks the release.
It shouldn't be in MANIFEST.in at all because it's not part of a
distribution.
More thorough testing showed that Acrobat do not presume that images
fill the page if the CTM is unspecified, as tests/resources/masks.pdf
seems to want. Instead they treat it literally and draw the image
as 1x1 PDF units or 1/72" square in the bottom left corner of the page.
Seems like the best thing to do is ignore any such images for the purpose
of DPI calculation. masks.pdf still works out okay because it has
other images.
For more robustness we could consider invalidating any DPI above some
limit, or warning the user about these microdot thumbnails.
Executing a package with python -m packagename will check for
__main__.py inside the package. In other words main.py should have
always been named __main__.py.
In the unlikely event that someone depends on "import ocrmypdf.main"
being meaningful, main.py continues to exist and replicates the
behavior of __main__. (It's unlikely because import ocrmypdf.main does
unpythonic ruffus-related things at things import time, essentially
configuring itself to work with sys.argv. To fix another day.)
This should solve the problem of Debian needing to run test suites
before installation and afterwards for continuous integration without
having to patch either file, as python -m ocrmypdf will follow import
order. That is, if the current directory contains "ocrmypdf/" (e.g.
staging a new version) then that will be tested, else sys.path will
be checked.
The recent commit to accept files from stdin broken the feature of
returning the input filename on an error, returning the temp filename
instead, which is confusing.
I tried "qpdf merge + PyPDF2 metadata patching" first. The problem is
that PyPDF2 produces a 1.3 by default and generally I have less
confidence it.
New approach is to stuff the Document Info metadata in the first page
with PyPdf2, cross fingers and use qpdf to merge. It's not quite as
clean and might harm the first page, but it's better than shipping
files produced by PyPDF2.
Tests mostly passing. For the moment this is the new default.
Although PyPDF2 produces a PDF-1.3 which will be wrong for some contents
and possible should be repaired with qpdf. Again.
Looks like it could work better to merge PyPDF2 and fix everything
with qpdf.
This test is exercised by page 4 of multipage.pdf. If all images are
JPEGs, and one of deskew/clean removes DPI information, make sure that
we can get the right information back and that the DPI stays square.
Some called functions are particular about the data format of DPI and
don't like to deal with the Decimal() returned by PyPDF2. Convert to
float and int where needed.
Issue #79.
User submitted PDF with ICC profile attached to the monochrome image
in the input file, which is not common but useful for PDFs that want to
define how light the paper is or how dark the black is. The code was
written to assume unusual images are full color unless it can prove
otherwise. Handle this simple case. Other ICC cases should be tested.
Issue #73. The order of operations happens to not matter for scaling
but does matter for translation. We only need scaling to find the DPI,
so the error was not noticed. Mainly useful to other uses of this
library.
I found this issue in ruffus 2.6.3
https://github.com/bunbun/ruffus/issues/65
also discussed here
https://github.com/bunbun/ruffus/pull/67
ruffus 2.6.3 RethrownJobError don't follow the normal conventions and
so its exception causes problems when they cross process boundaries.
This change carefully examines the various forms of ruffus exception
objects that can appear in 2.6.3 and parses them more carefully. It
also removes any direct posting of the exception to the logger because
this triggers another serializing of the exception object, mutating it
further.
/ImageMask means the the image is a stencil mask for a grayscale or
color image. From issue #63 a user has a PDF apparently with only a
stencil mask and no other images. According to PDF spec you're supposed
to use masks to help draw other images rather than draw masks
explicitly, although drawing masks is not forbidden.
In the event that the image mask is higher resolution than the input
image, the composite image should be drawn at the highest DPI to a
ccurately capture the effect of the mask. It looks like the right to
do is take masks into account rather than ignore them (a holdover
from earlier, less robust versions), or don't treat it different.
Squashed commits:
[0e27904] Partially implement DPI calculation with rotation of the image
Fixes test suite
[a64f662] pageinfo: all tests pass
[c5b811a] Fix typos
[cdd2286] Can now find inline images for efficiently
[60dde8d] First cut at implementing intelligent DPI detection based on content stream
Broke many of the test cases
It seems the normal thing to wire up python setup.py test to invoke
the test suite rather than py.test. This may be the reason for the
past chain of cffi-related commits.
-Remove Test_Issue_28.pdf (inherited from fritz-hh, source unknown)
-Replace missing_docinfo.pdf (received from user, but it's a printout of
a website; unclear status, so created a new PDF with the same effect)
-Others are okay
The purpose of this change that caused the problem was a minor
optimization for the tesseract renderer path that had it pull an image
from select_image_for_pdf so that it could use a JPEG instead of PNG,
instead of taking it from preprocess_clean where it would only get a PNG
and make large files.
Works for a single page file, probably
Although arguably rotation is not quite lossless, and the two could be
mutually exclusive anyway, so maybe this is it. Did not check in some
debugging changes (lossless=False, text debugging=True)
PyPDF seems to get merging wrong when one of the pages is rotated.
I'm not fully happy with this arrangement, as it effectively downloads
OCRmyPDF twice, not to mention the lengthy setup time overall.
Will need to try separate build/run images in the future, but now just
get it working again.
setuptools_scm barfs because it can't find the version, because Docker hub
retrieves the application from Github in a way that omits the necessary
details.
I suppose there is a certain logic to Docker only using the tagged
released versions from PyPI, so go with it. The other attractive option
is to nix setuptools_scm.
unpaper doesn't seem to be good at deskewing. It fails on test case
with a lot of italics. I think it also struggles on pages with a lot
of whitespace. Leptonica continues to shine here.
However, this is only a first crack at Leptonica. The leptonica module
should be redone to use cffi (more extensible).
Also considering the possibility of making all Lept calls in a forked
process to insulate the calling process from C code crashes and the
messy redirect of stdout/stderr to read Leptonica's errors.
I don't think the redirect is a huge problem as long as multiprocesses
rather than multithreads are used. The ruffus child process that is
handling a page is single threaded and will not be affected by the
redirection. It just feels dirty. The main reason to consider a child
process is crash isolation.
Add -f to force generation of the background image at the desired
oversample resolution. Our new behavior is to only send the oversampled
image to Tesseract while leaving the main page intact unless asked to
deskew, clean, etc.
Ruffus treats omitted parameter as -j1. For our purposes it makes more
sense for omitting the parameter to mean "use all CPUs". As such we
must be able to distinguish -j1 from the parameter -j being omitted.
Telling ruffus to ignore the argument actually just makes it not auto
generate the argument. We can add an argument back with the same name.
Because we don't really use ruffus checkpoint feature, putting the
database in a permanent location does not help anything, but does cause
large database files and problems if the .ruffus_history.sqlite wanted
to be in a writable location.
qpdf won so hard it wasn't funny, even though it must be called once
per page to do the job. Perhaps Ghostscript interprets it as a call to
render the page?
time bash qpdf-test.fish ../tests/resources/multipage.pdf
0.07 real 0.02 user 0.03 sys
time gs -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dSAFER -o '%06d.pdf' ../tests/resources/multipage.pdf
5.12 real 5.06 user 0.04 sys
Tess 3.03's has various quality problems like wrong DPI that are fixed
in Tess 3.04. Idea here is to introduce an option to let OCRmyPDF
select the rendering backend based on the options and system.
However, we're not ready for tesseract as the main renderer.
Setting pdf-renderer to tesseract does not pass all test cases, mainly
the one where --tesseract-timeout is triggered, and some others.
It appears that extractText() does not find all text. At a glance it
may be that Tesseract's PDF renderer generates a font and uses glyphs
that map to different Unicode code points that PyPDF expects, so it
discards the content and finds nothing. As a proxy in lieu of better
PDF parsing, assume that a "GlyphLessFont" means there is a text there.
I had previously found it does not work to check for the presence of a
font on page. Some PDF generators create a font resource entry even if
the font is never called for.
I made several efforts to contact fritz but he is no longer
communicating, and to set up Github integrations with Docker and Travis
CI I need admin access. Which I don't have. So I'm moving it to my own
and aiming the old one at me.
Someone reported a bug where the .png input to unpaper ended up being
type 'P' (palette) for some reason, which was not supported in unpaper.
Not sure how it happened, but seemed easier to fix by explicitly
supporting. Here we use png256 if it would capture all colors in the
input file. It's up to tesseract/reportlab to make use of the palette
PNG when rendering.
debian and ubuntu both install unpaper 0.4.2 or so. No .deb packages
available at higher version numbers although ArchLinux had something.
Considered making a separate image to handle building and install but
decided that was a premature optimization at this point, so just build
the unpaper that works. All tests pass.
Switched from Ubuntu to debian:stretch because stretch has more recent
versions of our binary packages and starts smaller. In particular,
stretch has both pillow==2.9.0 and reportlab==3.2.0 available as system
packages which saves the considerable hassle of install a toolchain.
Instead, a pyvenv is set up with access to system's site-packages (note:
needs two steps), making the binary-dependent packages available. Then
the remaining packages are installed into the pyvenv with --no-cache-dir
to avoid saving files. And there we are.
Image is still very large (>500 MB), but programs like reportlab require
font rendering capabilities so they pull in large portions of the Linux
graphics stack. Not much will shrink that.
fileinput is supposed to save time in these cases but it's not capable
of doing both in-place rewrites and working with a non-ascii encoding.
This was not noticed until characters outside of ASCII were picked up
by tesseract and saved in a HOCR file. Rework some surrounding code as
well and add multilingual test cases.
Far from being fluffy or friendly, Pillow silently allows installation
of itself without support for major image types. Reportlab calls for
pillow 2.4.0. On Ubuntu 14.04 LTS this will trigger an upgrade of
pillow that will be built without JPEG or ZLIB so it is effectively
neutered, and unfortunately Pillow will not detect this situation at
install time and guide users to a resolution. Instead, you see nasty
stack traces.
So add a run-time check to ensure that Pillow is sane and capable of JPEG
and PNG support since both may be used internally.
JHOVE is not an effective PDF/A validator, as detailed in this article:
http://www.pdfa.org/2014/12/ensuring-long-term-access-pdf-validation-with-jhove/
In short, it's buggy. Out of 670 invalid PDF/A files in a test suite,
it only flagged 5. It only looks for certain problems that Ghostscript
generated PDFs are unlikely to have. So use qpdf as a final check for
general ill-formed PDF problems since it is quite reliable.
JHOVE 1 is no longer maintained. There's a JHOVE 2 but it has no PDF
support. I also don't know if it's appropriate to bundle JHOVE, with an
LGPL, under this project and its current license.
Removing a dependency on Java is a huge win. A world with less Java is
a world with less AbstractFactoryConstructorInterfaces.
ruffus swallows the return code if the process of handling an exception
we hit an error in ruffus' own code, which can happen. So pick through
its error stack and find out if there's an interesting return code in
there. Had to use eval() of all things.
Also suppress the stack trace for normal error conditions that don't
need one.
Some versions of tesseract installed by homebrew end up without a
functional tessdata folder, and tesseract is not helpful in this
situation, so add a new test to make sure our output is at least
indicative of the problem.
In the process of properly handling return codes I discovered
test_override_metadata triggers a NPE inside JHOVE probably due to the
Unicode character checking. This could be specific to my JRE (1.6.0_65,
Oracle) but it's probably JHOVE's fault. A valid PDF/A (per Acrobat)
is still generated.
Modified pipeline to fix regression and return the proper error code if
we did not produce a PDF/A as expected. The wrapper forces the output
to be PDF 1.3 which is not PDF/A compliant.
The funny thing is that in some cases JHOVE incorrectly states that a
file is PDF/A-1b compliant, well formed and valid, even when it is not
according to Acrobat XI and is missing the PDF/A metadata marker, as
far as I can tell. JHOVE may not be as beneficial as hoped.
It revealed a regression - return code not the same as v2.x for invalid
PDF/A. It's also not easy to get the return code out of ruffus. Will
need to tweak the final step of the pipeline.
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You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice; keep intact all notices stating that this License and any non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code; keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey, and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified it, and giving a relevant date.
b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is released under this License and any conditions added under section 7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to "keep intact all notices".
c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7 additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts, regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your work need not make them do so.
A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work, and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other parts of the aggregate.
6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, in one of these ways:
a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange.
b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord with subsection 6b.
d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party) that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the Corresponding Source. Regardless of what server hosts the Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no charge under subsection 6d.
A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be included in conveying the object code work.
A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family, or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product, doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product. A product is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent the only significant mode of use of the product.
"Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods, procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because modification has been made.
If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has been installed in ROM).
The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a network may be denied when the modification itself materially and adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and protocols for communication across the network.
Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided, in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly documented (and with an implementation available to the public in source code form), and must require no special password or key for unpacking, reading or copying.
7. Additional Terms.
"Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions. Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by this License without regard to the additional permissions.
When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work, for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal Notices displayed by works containing it; or
c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or authors of the material; or
e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on those licensors and authors.
All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further restrictions" within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is governed by this License along with a term that is a further restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms of that license document, provided that the further restriction does not survive such relicensing or conveying.
If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating where to find the applicable terms.
Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; the above requirements apply either way.
8. Termination.
You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third paragraph of section 11).
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same material under section 10.
9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However, nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered work results from an entity transaction, each party to that transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
11. Patents.
A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License.
Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and propagate the contents of its contributor version.
In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to sue for patent infringement). To "grant" such a patent license to a party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a patent against the party.
If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a publicly available network server or other readily accessible means, then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
license to downstream recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that country that you have reason to believe are valid.
If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered work and works based on it.
A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with specific products or compilations that contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
13. Remote Network Interaction; Use with the GNU General Public License.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, if you modify the Program, your modified version must prominently offer all users interacting with it remotely through a computer network (if your version supports such interaction) an opportunity to receive the Corresponding Source of your version by providing access to the Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge, through some standard or customary means of facilitating copying of software. This Corresponding Source shall include the Corresponding Source for any work covered by version 3 of the GNU General Public License that is incorporated pursuant to the following paragraph.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the GNU General Public License into a single combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the work with which it is combined will remain governed by version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
14. Revised Versions of this License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU Affero General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU Affero General Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU Affero General Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU Affero General Public License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Program.
Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version.
15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
16. Limitation of Liability.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If your software can interact with users remotely through a computer network, you should also make sure that it provides a way for users to get its source. For example, if your program is a web application, its interface could display a "Source" link that leads users to an archive of the code. There are many ways you could offer source, and different solutions will be better for different programs; see section 13 for the specific requirements.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU AGPL, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
CREATIVE COMMONS CORPORATION IS NOT A LAW FIRM AND DOES NOT PROVIDE LEGAL SERVICES. DISTRIBUTION OF THIS DRAFT LICENSE DOES NOT CREATE AN ATTORNEY-CLIENT RELATIONSHIP. CREATIVE COMMONS PROVIDES THIS INFORMATION ON AN "AS-IS" BASIS. CREATIVE COMMONS MAKES NO WARRANTIES REGARDING THE INFORMATION PROVIDED, AND DISCLAIMS LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ITS USE.
License
THE WORK (AS DEFINED BELOW) IS PROVIDED UNDER THE TERMS OF THIS CREATIVE COMMONS PUBLIC LICENSE ("CCPL" OR "LICENSE"). THE WORK IS PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT AND/OR OTHER APPLICABLE LAW. ANY USE OF THE WORK OTHER THAN AS AUTHORIZED UNDER THIS LICENSE IS PROHIBITED.
BY EXERCISING ANY RIGHTS TO THE WORK PROVIDED HERE, YOU ACCEPT AND AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE. THE LICENSOR GRANTS YOU THE RIGHTS CONTAINED HERE IN CONSIDERATION OF YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF SUCH TERMS AND CONDITIONS.
1. Definitions
a. "Collective Work" means a work, such as a periodical issue, anthology or encyclopedia, in which the Work in its entirety in unmodified form, along with a number of other contributions, constituting separate and independent works in themselves, are assembled into a collective whole. A work that constitutes a Collective Work will not be considered a Derivative Work (as defined below) for the purposes of this License.
b. "Derivative Work" means a work based upon the Work or upon the Work and other pre-existing works, such as a translation, musical arrangement, dramatization, fictionalization, motion picture version, sound recording, art reproduction, abridgment, condensation, or any other form in which the Work may be recast, transformed, or adapted, except that a work that constitutes a Collective Work will not be considered a Derivative Work for the purpose of this License.
c. "Licensor" means the individual or entity that offers the Work under the terms of this License.
d. "Original Author" means the individual or entity who created the Work.
e. "Work" means the copyrightable work of authorship offered under the terms of this License.
f. "You" means an individual or entity exercising rights under this License who has not previously violated the terms of this License with respect to the Work, or who has received express permission from the Licensor to exercise rights under this License despite a previous violation.
2. Fair Use Rights. Nothing in this license is intended to reduce, limit, or restrict any rights arising from fair use, first sale or other limitations on the exclusive rights of the copyright owner under copyright law or other applicable laws.
3. License Grant. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, perpetual (for the duration of the applicable copyright) license to exercise the rights in the Work as stated below:
a. to reproduce the Work, to incorporate the Work into one or more Collective Works, and to reproduce the Work as incorporated in the Collective Works;
b. to create and reproduce Derivative Works;
c. to distribute copies or phonorecords of, display publicly, perform publicly, and perform publicly by means of a digital audio transmission the Work including as incorporated in Collective Works;
d. to distribute copies or phonorecords of, display publicly, perform publicly, and perform publicly by means of a digital audio transmission Derivative Works;
The above rights may be exercised in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter devised. The above rights include the right to make such modifications as are technically necessary to exercise the rights in other media and formats. All rights not expressly granted by Licensor are hereby reserved.
4. Restrictions. The license granted in Section 3 above is expressly made subject to and limited by the following restrictions:
a. You may distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform the Work only under the terms of this License, and You must include a copy of, or the Uniform Resource Identifier for, this License with every copy or phonorecord of the Work You distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform. You may not offer or impose any terms on the Work that alter or restrict the terms of this License or the recipients' exercise of the rights granted hereunder. You may not sublicense the Work. You must keep intact all notices that refer to this License and to the disclaimer of warranties. You may not distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform the Work with any technological measures that control access or use of the Work in a manner inconsistent with the terms of this License Agreement. The above applies to the Work as incorporated in a Collective Work, but this does not require the Collective Work apart from the Work itself to be made subject to the terms of this License. If You create a Collective Work, upon notice from any Licensor You must, to the extent practicable, remove from the Collective Work any reference to such Licensor or the Original Author, as requested. If You create a Derivative Work, upon notice from any Licensor You must, to the extent practicable, remove from the Derivative Work any reference to such Licensor or the Original Author, as requested.
b. You may distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform a Derivative Work only under the terms of this License, and You must include a copy of, or the Uniform Resource Identifier for, this License with every copy or phonorecord of each Derivative Work You distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform. You may not offer or impose any terms on the Derivative Works that alter or restrict the terms of this License or the recipients' exercise of the rights granted hereunder, and You must keep intact all notices that refer to this License and to the disclaimer of warranties. You may not distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform the Derivative Work with any technological measures that control access or use of the Work in a manner inconsistent with the terms of this License Agreement. The above applies to the Derivative Work as incorporated in a Collective Work, but this does not require the Collective Work apart from the Derivative Work itself to be made subject to the terms of this License.
c. If you distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform the Work or any Derivative Works or Collective Works, You must keep intact all copyright notices for the Work and give the Original Author credit reasonable to the medium or means You are utilizing by conveying the name (or pseudonym if applicable) of the Original Author if supplied; the title of the Work if supplied; in the case of a Derivative Work, a credit identifying the use of the Work in the Derivative Work (e.g., "French translation of the Work by Original Author," or "Screenplay based on original Work by Original Author"). Such credit may be implemented in any reasonable manner; provided, however, that in the case of a Derivative Work or Collective Work, at a minimum such credit will appear where any other comparable authorship credit appears and in a manner at least as prominent as such other comparable authorship credit.
5. Representations, Warranties and Disclaimer
a. By offering the Work for public release under this License, Licensor represents and warrants that, to the best of Licensor's knowledge after reasonable inquiry:
i. Licensor has secured all rights in the Work necessary to grant the license rights hereunder and to permit the lawful exercise of the rights granted hereunder without You having any obligation to pay any royalties, compulsory license fees, residuals or any other payments;
ii. The Work does not infringe the copyright, trademark, publicity rights, common law rights or any other right of any third party or constitute defamation, invasion of privacy or other tortious injury to any third party.
b. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY STATED IN THIS LICENSE OR OTHERWISE AGREED IN WRITING OR REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE WORK IS LICENSED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES REGARDING THE CONTENTS OR ACCURACY OF THE WORK.
6. Limitation on Liability. EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW, AND EXCEPT FOR DAMAGES ARISING FROM LIABILITY TO A THIRD PARTY RESULTING FROM BREACH OF THE WARRANTIES IN SECTION 5, IN NO EVENT WILL LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY FOR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS LICENSE OR THE USE OF THE WORK, EVEN IF LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
7. Termination
a. This License and the rights granted hereunder will terminate automatically upon any breach by You of the terms of this License. Individuals or entities who have received Derivative Works or Collective Works from You under this License, however, will not have their licenses terminated provided such individuals or entities remain in full compliance with those licenses. Sections 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, and 8 will survive any termination of this License.
b. Subject to the above terms and conditions, the license granted here is perpetual (for the duration of the applicable copyright in the Work). Notwithstanding the above, Licensor reserves the right to release the Work under different license terms or to stop distributing the Work at any time; provided, however that any such election will not serve to withdraw this License (or any other license that has been, or is required to be, granted under the terms of this License), and this License will continue in full force and effect unless terminated as stated above.
8. Miscellaneous
a. Each time You distribute or publicly digitally perform the Work or a Collective Work, the Licensor offers to the recipient a license to the Work on the same terms and conditions as the license granted to You under this License.
b. Each time You distribute or publicly digitally perform a Derivative Work, Licensor offers to the recipient a license to the original Work on the same terms and conditions as the license granted to You under this License.
c. If any provision of this License is invalid or unenforceable under applicable law, it shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the remainder of the terms of this License, and without further action by the parties to this agreement, such provision shall be reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make such provision valid and enforceable.
d. No term or provision of this License shall be deemed waived and no breach consented to unless such waiver or consent shall be in writing and signed by the party to be charged with such waiver or consent.
e. This License constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the Work licensed here. There are no understandings, agreements or representations with respect to the Work not specified here. Licensor shall not be bound by any additional provisions that may appear in any communication from You. This License may not be modified without the mutual written agreement of the Licensor and You.
Creative Commons is not a party to this License, and makes no warranty whatsoever in connection with the Work. Creative Commons will not be liable to You or any party on any legal theory for any damages whatsoever, including without limitation any general, special, incidental or consequential damages arising in connection to this license. Notwithstanding the foregoing two (2) sentences, if Creative Commons has expressly identified itself as the Licensor hereunder, it shall have all rights and obligations of Licensor.
Except for the limited purpose of indicating to the public that the Work is licensed under the CCPL, neither party will use the trademark "Creative Commons" or any related trademark or logo of Creative Commons without the prior written consent of Creative Commons. Any permitted use will be in compliance with Creative Commons' then-current trademark usage guidelines, as may be published on its website or otherwise made available upon request from time to time.
Creative Commons may be contacted at http://creativecommons.org/.
CREATIVE COMMONS CORPORATION IS NOT A LAW FIRM AND DOES NOT PROVIDE LEGAL SERVICES. DISTRIBUTION OF THIS LICENSE DOES NOT CREATE AN ATTORNEY-CLIENT RELATIONSHIP. CREATIVE COMMONS PROVIDES THIS INFORMATION ON AN "AS-IS" BASIS. CREATIVE COMMONS MAKES NO WARRANTIES REGARDING THE INFORMATION PROVIDED, AND DISCLAIMS LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ITS USE.
License
THE WORK (AS DEFINED BELOW) IS PROVIDED UNDER THE TERMS OF THIS CREATIVE COMMONS PUBLIC LICENSE ("CCPL" OR "LICENSE"). THE WORK IS PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT AND/OR OTHER APPLICABLE LAW. ANY USE OF THE WORK OTHER THAN AS AUTHORIZED UNDER THIS LICENSE OR COPYRIGHT LAW IS PROHIBITED.
BY EXERCISING ANY RIGHTS TO THE WORK PROVIDED HERE, YOU ACCEPT AND AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE. THE LICENSOR GRANTS YOU THE RIGHTS CONTAINED HERE IN CONSIDERATION OF YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF SUCH TERMS AND CONDITIONS.
1. Definitions
a. "Collective Work" means a work, such as a periodical issue, anthology or encyclopedia, in which the Work in its entirety in unmodified form, along with a number of other contributions, constituting separate and independent works in themselves, are assembled into a collective whole. A work that constitutes a Collective Work will not be considered a Derivative Work (as defined below) for the purposes of this License.
b. "Derivative Work" means a work based upon the Work or upon the Work and other pre-existing works, such as a translation, musical arrangement, dramatization, fictionalization, motion picture version, sound recording, art reproduction, abridgment, condensation, or any other form in which the Work may be recast, transformed, or adapted, except that a work that constitutes a Collective Work will not be considered a Derivative Work for the purpose of this License. For the avoidance of doubt, where the Work is a musical composition or sound recording, the synchronization of the Work in timed-relation with a moving image ("synching") will be considered a Derivative Work for the purpose of this License.
c. "Licensor" means the individual or entity that offers the Work under the terms of this License.
d. "Original Author" means the individual or entity who created the Work.
e. "Work" means the copyrightable work of authorship offered under the terms of this License.
f. "You" means an individual or entity exercising rights under this License who has not previously violated the terms of this License with respect to the Work, or who has received express permission from the Licensor to exercise rights under this License despite a previous violation.
g. "License Elements" means the following high-level license attributes as selected by Licensor and indicated in the title of this License: Attribution, ShareAlike.
2. Fair Use Rights. Nothing in this license is intended to reduce, limit, or restrict any rights arising from fair use, first sale or other limitations on the exclusive rights of the copyright owner under copyright law or other applicable laws.
3. License Grant. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, perpetual (for the duration of the applicable copyright) license to exercise the rights in the Work as stated below:
a. to reproduce the Work, to incorporate the Work into one or more Collective Works, and to reproduce the Work as incorporated in the Collective Works;
b. to create and reproduce Derivative Works;
c. to distribute copies or phonorecords of, display publicly, perform publicly, and perform publicly by means of a digital audio transmission the Work including as incorporated in Collective Works;
d. to distribute copies or phonorecords of, display publicly, perform publicly, and perform publicly by means of a digital audio transmission Derivative Works.
e. For the avoidance of doubt, where the work is a musical composition:
i. Performance Royalties Under Blanket Licenses. Licensor waives the exclusive right to collect, whether individually or via a performance rights society (e.g. ASCAP, BMI, SESAC), royalties for the public performance or public digital performance (e.g. webcast) of the Work.
ii. Mechanical Rights and Statutory Royalties. Licensor waives the exclusive right to collect, whether individually or via a music rights society or designated agent (e.g. Harry Fox Agency), royalties for any phonorecord You create from the Work ("cover version") and distribute, subject to the compulsory license created by 17 USC Section 115 of the US Copyright Act (or the equivalent in other jurisdictions).
f. Webcasting Rights and Statutory Royalties. For the avoidance of doubt, where the Work is a sound recording, Licensor waives the exclusive right to collect, whether individually or via a performance-rights society (e.g. SoundExchange), royalties for the public digital performance (e.g. webcast) of the Work, subject to the compulsory license created by 17 USC Section 114 of the US Copyright Act (or the equivalent in other jurisdictions).
The above rights may be exercised in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter devised. The above rights include the right to make such modifications as are technically necessary to exercise the rights in other media and formats. All rights not expressly granted by Licensor are hereby reserved.
4. Restrictions. The license granted in Section 3 above is expressly made subject to and limited by the following restrictions:
a. You may distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform the Work only under the terms of this License, and You must include a copy of, or the Uniform Resource Identifier for, this License with every copy or phonorecord of the Work You distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform. You may not offer or impose any terms on the Work that alter or restrict the terms of this License or the recipients' exercise of the rights granted hereunder. You may not sublicense the Work. You must keep intact all notices that refer to this License and to the disclaimer of warranties. You may not distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform the Work with any technological measures that control access or use of the Work in a manner inconsistent with the terms of this License Agreement. The above applies to the Work as incorporated in a Collective Work, but this does not require the Collective Work apart from the Work itself to be made subject to the terms of this License. If You create a Collective Work, upon notice from any Licensor You must, to the extent practicable, remove from the Collective Work any reference to such Licensor or the Original Author, as requested. If You create a Derivative Work, upon notice from any Licensor You must, to the extent practicable, remove from the Derivative Work any reference to such Licensor or the Original Author, as requested.
b. You may distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform a Derivative Work only under the terms of this License, a later version of this License with the same License Elements as this License, or a Creative Commons iCommons license that contains the same License Elements as this License (e.g. Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Japan). You must include a copy of, or the Uniform Resource Identifier for, this License or other license specified in the previous sentence with every copy or phonorecord of each Derivative Work You distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform. You may not offer or impose any terms on the Derivative Works that alter or restrict the terms of this License or the recipients' exercise of the rights granted hereunder, and You must keep intact all notices that refer to this License and to the disclaimer of warranties. You may not distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform the Derivative Work with any technological measures that control access or use of the Work in a manner inconsistent with the terms of this License Agreement. The above applies to the Derivative Work as incorporated in a Collective Work, but this does not require the Collective Work apart from the Derivative Work itself to be made subject to the terms of this License.
c. If you distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform the Work or any Derivative Works or Collective Works, You must keep intact all copyright notices for the Work and give the Original Author credit reasonable to the medium or means You are utilizing by conveying the name (or pseudonym if applicable) of the Original Author if supplied; the title of the Work if supplied; to the extent reasonably practicable, the Uniform Resource Identifier, if any, that Licensor specifies to be associated with the Work, unless such URI does not refer to the copyright notice or licensing information for the Work; and in the case of a Derivative Work, a credit identifying the use of the Work in the Derivative Work (e.g., "French translation of the Work by Original Author," or "Screenplay based on original Work by Original Author"). Such credit may be implemented in any reasonable manner; provided, however, that in the case of a Derivative Work or Collective Work, at a minimum such credit will appear where any other comparable authorship credit appears and in a manner at least as prominent as such other comparable authorship credit.
5. Representations, Warranties and Disclaimer
UNLESS OTHERWISE AGREED TO BY THE PARTIES IN WRITING, LICENSOR OFFERS THE WORK AS-IS AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE MATERIALS, EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTIBILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NONINFRINGEMENT, OR THE ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OF ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT DISCOVERABLE. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES, SO SUCH EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
6. Limitation on Liability. EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN NO EVENT WILL LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY FOR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS LICENSE OR THE USE OF THE WORK, EVEN IF LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
7. Termination
a. This License and the rights granted hereunder will terminate automatically upon any breach by You of the terms of this License. Individuals or entities who have received Derivative Works or Collective Works from You under this License, however, will not have their licenses terminated provided such individuals or entities remain in full compliance with those licenses. Sections 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, and 8 will survive any termination of this License.
b. Subject to the above terms and conditions, the license granted here is perpetual (for the duration of the applicable copyright in the Work). Notwithstanding the above, Licensor reserves the right to release the Work under different license terms or to stop distributing the Work at any time; provided, however that any such election will not serve to withdraw this License (or any other license that has been, or is required to be, granted under the terms of this License), and this License will continue in full force and effect unless terminated as stated above.
8. Miscellaneous
a. Each time You distribute or publicly digitally perform the Work or a Collective Work, the Licensor offers to the recipient a license to the Work on the same terms and conditions as the license granted to You under this License.
b. Each time You distribute or publicly digitally perform a Derivative Work, Licensor offers to the recipient a license to the original Work on the same terms and conditions as the license granted to You under this License.
c. If any provision of this License is invalid or unenforceable under applicable law, it shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the remainder of the terms of this License, and without further action by the parties to this agreement, such provision shall be reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make such provision valid and enforceable.
d. No term or provision of this License shall be deemed waived and no breach consented to unless such waiver or consent shall be in writing and signed by the party to be charged with such waiver or consent.
e. This License constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the Work licensed here. There are no understandings, agreements or representations with respect to the Work not specified here. Licensor shall not be bound by any additional provisions that may appear in any communication from You. This License may not be modified without the mutual written agreement of the Licensor and You.
Creative Commons is not a party to this License, and makes no warranty whatsoever in connection with the Work. Creative Commons will not be liable to You or any party on any legal theory for any damages whatsoever, including without limitation any general, special, incidental or consequential damages arising in connection to this license. Notwithstanding the foregoing two (2) sentences, if Creative Commons has expressly identified itself as the Licensor hereunder, it shall have all rights and obligations of Licensor.
Except for the limited purpose of indicating to the public that the Work is licensed under the CCPL, neither party will use the trademark "Creative Commons" or any related trademark or logo of Creative Commons without the prior written consent of Creative Commons. Any permitted use will be in compliance with Creative Commons' then-current trademark usage guidelines, as may be published on its website or otherwise made available upon request from time to time.
Creative Commons may be contacted at http://creativecommons.org/.
CREATIVE COMMONS CORPORATION IS NOT A LAW FIRM AND DOES NOT PROVIDE LEGAL SERVICES. DISTRIBUTION OF THIS LICENSE DOES NOT CREATE AN ATTORNEY-CLIENT RELATIONSHIP. CREATIVE COMMONS PROVIDES THIS INFORMATION ON AN "AS-IS" BASIS. CREATIVE COMMONS MAKES NO WARRANTIES REGARDING THE INFORMATION PROVIDED, AND DISCLAIMS LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ITS USE.
License
THE WORK (AS DEFINED BELOW) IS PROVIDED UNDER THE TERMS OF THIS CREATIVE COMMONS PUBLIC LICENSE ("CCPL" OR "LICENSE"). THE WORK IS PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT AND/OR OTHER APPLICABLE LAW. ANY USE OF THE WORK OTHER THAN AS AUTHORIZED UNDER THIS LICENSE OR COPYRIGHT LAW IS PROHIBITED.
BY EXERCISING ANY RIGHTS TO THE WORK PROVIDED HERE, YOU ACCEPT AND AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE. THE LICENSOR GRANTS YOU THE RIGHTS CONTAINED HERE IN CONSIDERATION OF YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF SUCH TERMS AND CONDITIONS.
1. Definitions
a. "Collective Work" means a work, such as a periodical issue, anthology or encyclopedia, in which the Work in its entirety in unmodified form, along with a number of other contributions, constituting separate and independent works in themselves, are assembled into a collective whole. A work that constitutes a Collective Work will not be considered a Derivative Work (as defined below) for the purposes of this License.
b. "Derivative Work" means a work based upon the Work or upon the Work and other pre-existing works, such as a translation, musical arrangement, dramatization, fictionalization, motion picture version, sound recording, art reproduction, abridgment, condensation, or any other form in which the Work may be recast, transformed, or adapted, except that a work that constitutes a Collective Work will not be considered a Derivative Work for the purpose of this License. For the avoidance of doubt, where the Work is a musical composition or sound recording, the synchronization of the Work in timed-relation with a moving image ("synching") will be considered a Derivative Work for the purpose of this License.
c. "Licensor" means the individual or entity that offers the Work under the terms of this License.
d. "Original Author" means the individual or entity who created the Work.
e. "Work" means the copyrightable work of authorship offered under the terms of this License.
f. "You" means an individual or entity exercising rights under this License who has not previously violated the terms of this License with respect to the Work, or who has received express permission from the Licensor to exercise rights under this License despite a previous violation.
g. "License Elements" means the following high-level license attributes as selected by Licensor and indicated in the title of this License: Attribution, ShareAlike.
2. Fair Use Rights. Nothing in this license is intended to reduce, limit, or restrict any rights arising from fair use, first sale or other limitations on the exclusive rights of the copyright owner under copyright law or other applicable laws.
3. License Grant. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, perpetual (for the duration of the applicable copyright) license to exercise the rights in the Work as stated below:
a. to reproduce the Work, to incorporate the Work into one or more Collective Works, and to reproduce the Work as incorporated in the Collective Works;
b. to create and reproduce Derivative Works;
c. to distribute copies or phonorecords of, display publicly, perform publicly, and perform publicly by means of a digital audio transmission the Work including as incorporated in Collective Works;
d. to distribute copies or phonorecords of, display publicly, perform publicly, and perform publicly by means of a digital audio transmission Derivative Works.
e. For the avoidance of doubt, where the work is a musical composition:
i. Performance Royalties Under Blanket Licenses. Licensor waives the exclusive right to collect, whether individually or via a performance rights society (e.g. ASCAP, BMI, SESAC), royalties for the public performance or public digital performance (e.g. webcast) of the Work.
ii. Mechanical Rights and Statutory Royalties. Licensor waives the exclusive right to collect, whether individually or via a music rights society or designated agent (e.g. Harry Fox Agency), royalties for any phonorecord You create from the Work ("cover version") and distribute, subject to the compulsory license created by 17 USC Section 115 of the US Copyright Act (or the equivalent in other jurisdictions).
f. Webcasting Rights and Statutory Royalties. For the avoidance of doubt, where the Work is a sound recording, Licensor waives the exclusive right to collect, whether individually or via a performance-rights society (e.g. SoundExchange), royalties for the public digital performance (e.g. webcast) of the Work, subject to the compulsory license created by 17 USC Section 114 of the US Copyright Act (or the equivalent in other jurisdictions).
The above rights may be exercised in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter devised. The above rights include the right to make such modifications as are technically necessary to exercise the rights in other media and formats. All rights not expressly granted by Licensor are hereby reserved.
4. Restrictions. The license granted in Section 3 above is expressly made subject to and limited by the following restrictions:
a. You may distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform the Work only under the terms of this License, and You must include a copy of, or the Uniform Resource Identifier for, this License with every copy or phonorecord of the Work You distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform. You may not offer or impose any terms on the Work that alter or restrict the terms of this License or the recipients' exercise of the rights granted hereunder. You may not sublicense the Work. You must keep intact all notices that refer to this License and to the disclaimer of warranties. You may not distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform the Work with any technological measures that control access or use of the Work in a manner inconsistent with the terms of this License Agreement. The above applies to the Work as incorporated in a Collective Work, but this does not require the Collective Work apart from the Work itself to be made subject to the terms of this License. If You create a Collective Work, upon notice from any Licensor You must, to the extent practicable, remove from the Collective Work any credit as required by clause 4(c), as requested. If You create a Derivative Work, upon notice from any Licensor You must, to the extent practicable, remove from the Derivative Work any credit as required by clause 4(c), as requested.
b. You may distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform a Derivative Work only under the terms of this License, a later version of this License with the same License Elements as this License, or a Creative Commons iCommons license that contains the same License Elements as this License (e.g. Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Japan). You must include a copy of, or the Uniform Resource Identifier for, this License or other license specified in the previous sentence with every copy or phonorecord of each Derivative Work You distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform. You may not offer or impose any terms on the Derivative Works that alter or restrict the terms of this License or the recipients' exercise of the rights granted hereunder, and You must keep intact all notices that refer to this License and to the disclaimer of warranties. You may not distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform the Derivative Work with any technological measures that control access or use of the Work in a manner inconsistent with the terms of this License Agreement. The above applies to the Derivative Work as incorporated in a Collective Work, but this does not require the Collective Work apart from the Derivative Work itself to be made subject to the terms of this License.
c. If you distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform the Work or any Derivative Works or Collective Works, You must keep intact all copyright notices for the Work and provide, reasonable to the medium or means You are utilizing: (i) the name of the Original Author (or pseudonym, if applicable) if supplied, and/or (ii) if the Original Author and/or Licensor designate another party or parties (e.g. a sponsor institute, publishing entity, journal) for attribution in Licensor's copyright notice, terms of service or by other reasonable means, the name of such party or parties; the title of the Work if supplied; to the extent reasonably practicable, the Uniform Resource Identifier, if any, that Licensor specifies to be associated with the Work, unless such URI does not refer to the copyright notice or licensing information for the Work; and in the case of a Derivative Work, a credit identifying the use of the Work in the Derivative Work (e.g., "French translation of the Work by Original Author," or "Screenplay based on original Work by Original Author"). Such credit may be implemented in any reasonable manner; provided, however, that in the case of a Derivative Work or Collective Work, at a minimum such credit will appear where any other comparable authorship credit appears and in a manner at least as prominent as such other comparable authorship credit.
5. Representations, Warranties and Disclaimer
UNLESS OTHERWISE AGREED TO BY THE PARTIES IN WRITING, LICENSOR OFFERS THE WORK AS-IS AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE MATERIALS, EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTIBILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NONINFRINGEMENT, OR THE ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OF ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT DISCOVERABLE. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES, SO SUCH EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
6. Limitation on Liability. EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN NO EVENT WILL LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY FOR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS LICENSE OR THE USE OF THE WORK, EVEN IF LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
7. Termination
a. This License and the rights granted hereunder will terminate automatically upon any breach by You of the terms of this License. Individuals or entities who have received Derivative Works or Collective Works from You under this License, however, will not have their licenses terminated provided such individuals or entities remain in full compliance with those licenses. Sections 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, and 8 will survive any termination of this License.
b. Subject to the above terms and conditions, the license granted here is perpetual (for the duration of the applicable copyright in the Work). Notwithstanding the above, Licensor reserves the right to release the Work under different license terms or to stop distributing the Work at any time; provided, however that any such election will not serve to withdraw this License (or any other license that has been, or is required to be, granted under the terms of this License), and this License will continue in full force and effect unless terminated as stated above.
8. Miscellaneous
a. Each time You distribute or publicly digitally perform the Work or a Collective Work, the Licensor offers to the recipient a license to the Work on the same terms and conditions as the license granted to You under this License.
b. Each time You distribute or publicly digitally perform a Derivative Work, Licensor offers to the recipient a license to the original Work on the same terms and conditions as the license granted to You under this License.
c. If any provision of this License is invalid or unenforceable under applicable law, it shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the remainder of the terms of this License, and without further action by the parties to this agreement, such provision shall be reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make such provision valid and enforceable.
d. No term or provision of this License shall be deemed waived and no breach consented to unless such waiver or consent shall be in writing and signed by the party to be charged with such waiver or consent.
e. This License constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the Work licensed here. There are no understandings, agreements or representations with respect to the Work not specified here. Licensor shall not be bound by any additional provisions that may appear in any communication from You. This License may not be modified without the mutual written agreement of the Licensor and You.
Creative Commons is not a party to this License, and makes no warranty whatsoever in connection with the Work. Creative Commons will not be liable to You or any party on any legal theory for any damages whatsoever, including without limitation any general, special, incidental or consequential damages arising in connection to this license. Notwithstanding the foregoing two (2) sentences, if Creative Commons has expressly identified itself as the Licensor hereunder, it shall have all rights and obligations of Licensor.
Except for the limited purpose of indicating to the public that the Work is licensed under the CCPL, neither party will use the trademark "Creative Commons" or any related trademark or logo of Creative Commons without the prior written consent of Creative Commons. Any permitted use will be in compliance with Creative Commons' then-current trademark usage guidelines, as may be published on its website or otherwise made available upon request from time to time.
Creative Commons may be contacted at http://creativecommons.org/.
CREATIVE COMMONS CORPORATION IS NOT A LAW FIRM AND DOES NOT PROVIDE LEGAL SERVICES. DISTRIBUTION OF THIS LICENSE DOES NOT CREATE AN ATTORNEY-CLIENT RELATIONSHIP. CREATIVE COMMONS PROVIDES THIS INFORMATION ON AN "AS-IS" BASIS. CREATIVE COMMONS MAKES NO WARRANTIES REGARDING THE INFORMATION PROVIDED, AND DISCLAIMS LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ITS USE.
License
THE WORK (AS DEFINED BELOW) IS PROVIDED UNDER THE TERMS OF THIS CREATIVE COMMONS PUBLIC LICENSE ("CCPL" OR "LICENSE"). THE WORK IS PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT AND/OR OTHER APPLICABLE LAW. ANY USE OF THE WORK OTHER THAN AS AUTHORIZED UNDER THIS LICENSE OR COPYRIGHT LAW IS PROHIBITED.
BY EXERCISING ANY RIGHTS TO THE WORK PROVIDED HERE, YOU ACCEPT AND AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE. TO THE EXTENT THIS LICENSE MAY BE CONSIDERED TO BE A CONTRACT, THE LICENSOR GRANTS YOU THE RIGHTS CONTAINED HERE IN CONSIDERATION OF YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF SUCH TERMS AND CONDITIONS.
1. Definitions
a. "Adaptation" means a work based upon the Work, or upon the Work and other pre-existing works, such as a translation, adaptation, derivative work, arrangement of music or other alterations of a literary or artistic work, or phonogram or performance and includes cinematographic adaptations or any other form in which the Work may be recast, transformed, or adapted including in any form recognizably derived from the original, except that a work that constitutes a Collection will not be considered an Adaptation for the purpose of this License. For the avoidance of doubt, where the Work is a musical work, performance or phonogram, the synchronization of the Work in timed-relation with a moving image ("synching") will be considered an Adaptation for the purpose of this License.
b. "Collection" means a collection of literary or artistic works, such as encyclopedias and anthologies, or performances, phonograms or broadcasts, or other works or subject matter other than works listed in Section 1(f) below, which, by reason of the selection and arrangement of their contents, constitute intellectual creations, in which the Work is included in its entirety in unmodified form along with one or more other contributions, each constituting separate and independent works in themselves, which together are assembled into a collective whole. A work that constitutes a Collection will not be considered an Adaptation (as defined below) for the purposes of this License.
c. "Creative Commons Compatible License" means a license that is listed at http://creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses that has been approved by Creative Commons as being essentially equivalent to this License, including, at a minimum, because that license: (i) contains terms that have the same purpose, meaning and effect as the License Elements of this License; and, (ii) explicitly permits the relicensing of adaptations of works made available under that license under this License or a Creative Commons jurisdiction license with the same License Elements as this License.
d. "Distribute" means to make available to the public the original and copies of the Work or Adaptation, as appropriate, through sale or other transfer of ownership.
e. "License Elements" means the following high-level license attributes as selected by Licensor and indicated in the title of this License: Attribution, ShareAlike.
f. "Licensor" means the individual, individuals, entity or entities that offer(s) the Work under the terms of this License.
g. "Original Author" means, in the case of a literary or artistic work, the individual, individuals, entity or entities who created the Work or if no individual or entity can be identified, the publisher; and in addition (i) in the case of a performance the actors, singers, musicians, dancers, and other persons who act, sing, deliver, declaim, play in, interpret or otherwise perform literary or artistic works or expressions of folklore; (ii) in the case of a phonogram the producer being the person or legal entity who first fixes the sounds of a performance or other sounds; and, (iii) in the case of broadcasts, the organization that transmits the broadcast.
h. "Work" means the literary and/or artistic work offered under the terms of this License including without limitation any production in the literary, scientific and artistic domain, whatever may be the mode or form of its expression including digital form, such as a book, pamphlet and other writing; a lecture, address, sermon or other work of the same nature; a dramatic or dramatico-musical work; a choreographic work or entertainment in dumb show; a musical composition with or without words; a cinematographic work to which are assimilated works expressed by a process analogous to cinematography; a work of drawing, painting, architecture, sculpture, engraving or lithography; a photographic work to which are assimilated works expressed by a process analogous to photography; a work of applied art; an illustration, map, plan, sketch or three-dimensional work relative to geography, topography, architecture or science; a performance; a broadcast; a phonogram; a compilation of data to the extent it is protected as a copyrightable work; or a work performed by a variety or circus performer to the extent it is not otherwise considered a literary or artistic work.
i. "You" means an individual or entity exercising rights under this License who has not previously violated the terms of this License with respect to the Work, or who has received express permission from the Licensor to exercise rights under this License despite a previous violation.
j. "Publicly Perform" means to perform public recitations of the Work and to communicate to the public those public recitations, by any means or process, including by wire or wireless means or public digital performances; to make available to the public Works in such a way that members of the public may access these Works from a place and at a place individually chosen by them; to perform the Work to the public by any means or process and the communication to the public of the performances of the Work, including by public digital performance; to broadcast and rebroadcast the Work by any means including signs, sounds or images.
k. "Reproduce" means to make copies of the Work by any means including without limitation by sound or visual recordings and the right of fixation and reproducing fixations of the Work, including storage of a protected performance or phonogram in digital form or other electronic medium.
2. Fair Dealing Rights. Nothing in this License is intended to reduce, limit, or restrict any uses free from copyright or rights arising from limitations or exceptions that are provided for in connection with the copyright protection under copyright law or other applicable laws.
3. License Grant. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, perpetual (for the duration of the applicable copyright) license to exercise the rights in the Work as stated below:
a. to Reproduce the Work, to incorporate the Work into one or more Collections, and to Reproduce the Work as incorporated in the Collections;
b. to create and Reproduce Adaptations provided that any such Adaptation, including any translation in any medium, takes reasonable steps to clearly label, demarcate or otherwise identify that changes were made to the original Work. For example, a translation could be marked "The original work was translated from English to Spanish," or a modification could indicate "The original work has been modified.";
c. to Distribute and Publicly Perform the Work including as incorporated in Collections; and,
d. to Distribute and Publicly Perform Adaptations.
e. For the avoidance of doubt:
i. Non-waivable Compulsory License Schemes. In those jurisdictions in which the right to collect royalties through any statutory or compulsory licensing scheme cannot be waived, the Licensor reserves the exclusive right to collect such royalties for any exercise by You of the rights granted under this License;
ii. Waivable Compulsory License Schemes. In those jurisdictions in which the right to collect royalties through any statutory or compulsory licensing scheme can be waived, the Licensor waives the exclusive right to collect such royalties for any exercise by You of the rights granted under this License; and,
iii. Voluntary License Schemes. The Licensor waives the right to collect royalties, whether individually or, in the event that the Licensor is a member of a collecting society that administers voluntary licensing schemes, via that society, from any exercise by You of the rights granted under this License.
The above rights may be exercised in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter devised. The above rights include the right to make such modifications as are technically necessary to exercise the rights in other media and formats. Subject to Section 8(f), all rights not expressly granted by Licensor are hereby reserved.
4. Restrictions. The license granted in Section 3 above is expressly made subject to and limited by the following restrictions:
a. You may Distribute or Publicly Perform the Work only under the terms of this License. You must include a copy of, or the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for, this License with every copy of the Work You Distribute or Publicly Perform. You may not offer or impose any terms on the Work that restrict the terms of this License or the ability of the recipient of the Work to exercise the rights granted to that recipient under the terms of the License. You may not sublicense the Work. You must keep intact all notices that refer to this License and to the disclaimer of warranties with every copy of the Work You Distribute or Publicly Perform. When You Distribute or Publicly Perform the Work, You may not impose any effective technological measures on the Work that restrict the ability of a recipient of the Work from You to exercise the rights granted to that recipient under the terms of the License. This Section 4(a) applies to the Work as incorporated in a Collection, but this does not require the Collection apart from the Work itself to be made subject to the terms of this License. If You create a Collection, upon notice from any Licensor You must, to the extent practicable, remove from the Collection any credit as required by Section 4(c), as requested. If You create an Adaptation, upon notice from any Licensor You must, to the extent practicable, remove from the Adaptation any credit as required by Section 4(c), as requested.
b. You may Distribute or Publicly Perform an Adaptation only under the terms of: (i) this License; (ii) a later version of this License with the same License Elements as this License; (iii) a Creative Commons jurisdiction license (either this or a later license version) that contains the same License Elements as this License (e.g., Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 US)); (iv) a Creative Commons Compatible License. If you license the Adaptation under one of the licenses mentioned in (iv), you must comply with the terms of that license. If you license the Adaptation under the terms of any of the licenses mentioned in (i), (ii) or (iii) (the "Applicable License"), you must comply with the terms of the Applicable License generally and the following provisions: (I) You must include a copy of, or the URI for, the Applicable License with every copy of each Adaptation You Distribute or Publicly Perform; (II) You may not offer or impose any terms on the Adaptation that restrict the terms of the Applicable License or the ability of the recipient of the Adaptation to exercise the rights granted to that recipient under the terms of the Applicable License; (III) You must keep intact all notices that refer to the Applicable License and to the disclaimer of warranties with every copy of the Work as included in the Adaptation You Distribute or Publicly Perform; (IV) when You Distribute or Publicly Perform the Adaptation, You may not impose any effective technological measures on the Adaptation that restrict the ability of a recipient of the Adaptation from You to exercise the rights granted to that recipient under the terms of the Applicable License. This Section 4(b) applies to the Adaptation as incorporated in a Collection, but this does not require the Collection apart from the Adaptation itself to be made subject to the terms of the Applicable License.
c. If You Distribute, or Publicly Perform the Work or any Adaptations or Collections, You must, unless a request has been made pursuant to Section 4(a), keep intact all copyright notices for the Work and provide, reasonable to the medium or means You are utilizing: (i) the name of the Original Author (or pseudonym, if applicable) if supplied, and/or if the Original Author and/or Licensor designate another party or parties (e.g., a sponsor institute, publishing entity, journal) for attribution ("Attribution Parties") in Licensor's copyright notice, terms of service or by other reasonable means, the name of such party or parties; (ii) the title of the Work if supplied; (iii) to the extent reasonably practicable, the URI, if any, that Licensor specifies to be associated with the Work, unless such URI does not refer to the copyright notice or licensing information for the Work; and (iv) , consistent with Ssection 3(b), in the case of an Adaptation, a credit identifying the use of the Work in the Adaptation (e.g., "French translation of the Work by Original Author," or "Screenplay based on original Work by Original Author"). The credit required by this Section 4(c) may be implemented in any reasonable manner; provided, however, that in the case of a Adaptation or Collection, at a minimum such credit will appear, if a credit for all contributing authors of the Adaptation or Collection appears, then as part of these credits and in a manner at least as prominent as the credits for the other contributing authors. For the avoidance of doubt, You may only use the credit required by this Section for the purpose of attribution in the manner set out above and, by exercising Your rights under this License, You may not implicitly or explicitly assert or imply any connection with, sponsorship or endorsement by the Original Author, Licensor and/or Attribution Parties, as appropriate, of You or Your use of the Work, without the separate, express prior written permission of the Original Author, Licensor and/or Attribution Parties.
d. Except as otherwise agreed in writing by the Licensor or as may be otherwise permitted by applicable law, if You Reproduce, Distribute or Publicly Perform the Work either by itself or as part of any Adaptations or Collections, You must not distort, mutilate, modify or take other derogatory action in relation to the Work which would be prejudicial to the Original Author's honor or reputation. Licensor agrees that in those jurisdictions (e.g. Japan), in which any exercise of the right granted in Section 3(b) of this License (the right to make Adaptations) would be deemed to be a distortion, mutilation, modification or other derogatory action prejudicial to the Original Author's honor and reputation, the Licensor will waive or not assert, as appropriate, this Section, to the fullest extent permitted by the applicable national law, to enable You to reasonably exercise Your right under Section 3(b) of this License (right to make Adaptations) but not otherwise.
5. Representations, Warranties and Disclaimer
UNLESS OTHERWISE MUTUALLY AGREED TO BY THE PARTIES IN WRITING, LICENSOR OFFERS THE WORK AS-IS AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE WORK, EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTIBILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NONINFRINGEMENT, OR THE ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OF ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT DISCOVERABLE. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES, SO SUCH EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
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7. Termination
a. This License and the rights granted hereunder will terminate automatically upon any breach by You of the terms of this License. Individuals or entities who have received Adaptations or Collections from You under this License, however, will not have their licenses terminated provided such individuals or entities remain in full compliance with those licenses. Sections 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, and 8 will survive any termination of this License.
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8. Miscellaneous
a. Each time You Distribute or Publicly Perform the Work or a Collection, the Licensor offers to the recipient a license to the Work on the same terms and conditions as the license granted to You under this License.
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c. If any provision of this License is invalid or unenforceable under applicable law, it shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the remainder of the terms of this License, and without further action by the parties to this agreement, such provision shall be reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make such provision valid and enforceable.
d. No term or provision of this License shall be deemed waived and no breach consented to unless such waiver or consent shall be in writing and signed by the party to be charged with such waiver or consent.
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f. The rights granted under, and the subject matter referenced, in this License were drafted utilizing the terminology of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (as amended on September 28, 1979), the Rome Convention of 1961, the WIPO Copyright Treaty of 1996, the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty of 1996 and the Universal Copyright Convention (as revised on July 24, 1971). These rights and subject matter take effect in the relevant jurisdiction in which the License terms are sought to be enforced according to the corresponding provisions of the implementation of those treaty provisions in the applicable national law. If the standard suite of rights granted under applicable copyright law includes additional rights not granted under this License, such additional rights are deemed to be included in the License; this License is not intended to restrict the license of any rights under applicable law.
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Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to the license. This includes other CC-licensed material, or material used under an exception or limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors.
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Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License
By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License ("Public License"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.
Section 1 – Definitions.
a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.
b. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.
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k. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.
l. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.
m. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.
Section 2 – Scope.
a. License grant.
1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:
A. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and
B. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.
2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.
3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).
4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.
5. Downstream recipients.
A. Offer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.
B. Additional offer from the Licensor – Adapted Material. Every recipient of Adapted Material from You automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material under the conditions of the Adapter’s License You apply.
C. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.
6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).
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1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.
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Section 3 – License Conditions.
Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.
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1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:
A. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:
i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);
ii. a copyright notice;
iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;
iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;
v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;
B. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and
C. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.
2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.
3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.
b. ShareAlike.In addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.
1. The Adapter’s License You apply must be a Creative Commons license with the same License Elements, this version or later, or a BY-SA Compatible License.
2. You must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share Adapted Material.
3. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, Adapted Material that restrict exercise of the rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.
Section 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.
Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:
a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;
b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material, including for purposes of Section 3(b); and
c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.
For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.
Section 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.
a. Unless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.
b. To the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.
c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.
Section 6 – Term and Termination.
a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.
b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:
1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or
2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.
c. For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.
d. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.
e. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.
Section 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.
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b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.
Section 8 – Interpretation.
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b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.
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Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
0. PREAMBLE
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others.
This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software.
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law.
A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another language.
A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.
The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.
The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is available to the general public, that is suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output purposes only.
The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition.
The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of this License.
2. VERBATIM COPYING
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly display copies.
3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general network-using public has access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
4. MODIFICATIONS
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
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3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
OCRmyPDF adds an OCR text layer to scanned PDF files, allowing them to be searched or copy-pasted.
```bash
ocrmypdf # it's a scriptable command line program
-l eng+fra # it supports multiple languages
--rotate-pages # it can fix pages that are misrotated
--deskew # it can deskew crooked PDFs!
--title "My PDF"# it can change output metadata
--jobs 4# it uses multiple cores by default
--output-type pdfa # it produces PDF/A by default
input_scanned.pdf # takes PDF input (or images)
output_searchable.pdf # produces validated PDF output
```
[See the release notes for details on the latest changes](https://ocrmypdf.readthedocs.io/en/latest/release_notes.html).
## Main features
- Generates a searchable [PDF/A](https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=PDF/A) file from a regular PDF
- Places OCR text accurately below the image to ease copy / paste
- Keeps the exact resolution of the original embedded images
- When possible, inserts OCR information as a "lossless" operation without disrupting any other content
- Optimizes PDF images, often producing files smaller than the input file
- If requested, deskews and/or cleans the image before performing OCR
- Validates input and output files
- Distributes work across all available CPU cores
- Uses [Tesseract OCR](https://github.com/tesseract-ocr/tesseract) engine to recognize more than [100 languages](https://github.com/tesseract-ocr/tessdata)
- Keeps your private data private.
- Scales properly to handle files with thousands of pages.
- Battle-tested on millions of PDFs.
<img src="misc/screencast/demo.svg" alt="Demo of OCRmyPDF in a terminal session">
For details: please consult the [documentation](https://ocrmypdf.readthedocs.io/en/latest/).
## Motivation
I searched the web for a free command line tool to OCR PDF files: I found many, but none of them were really satisfying:
- Either they produced PDF files with misplaced text under the image (making copy/paste impossible)
- Or they did not handle accents and multilingual characters
- Or they changed the resolution of the embedded images
- Or they generated ridiculously large PDF files
- Or they crashed when trying to OCR
- Or they did not produce valid PDF files
- On top of that none of them produced PDF/A files (format dedicated for long time storage)
...so I decided to develop my own tool.
## Installation
Linux, Windows, macOS and FreeBSD are supported. Docker images are also available, for both x64 and ARM.
| Windows Subsystem for Linux | ``apt install ocrmypdf`` |
| Fedora | ``dnf install ocrmypdf`` |
| macOS (Homebrew) | ``brew install ocrmypdf`` |
| macOS (MacPorts) | ``port install ocrmypdf`` |
| macOS (nix) | ``nix-env -i ocrmypdf`` |
| LinuxBrew | ``brew install ocrmypdf`` |
| FreeBSD | ``pkg install py-ocrmypdf`` |
| Conda | ``conda install ocrmypdf`` |
| Ubuntu Snap | ``snap install ocrmypdf`` |
For everyone else, [see our documentation](https://ocrmypdf.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html) for installation steps.
## Languages
OCRmyPDF uses Tesseract for OCR, and relies on its language packs. For Linux users, you can often find packages that provide language packs:
```bash
# Display a list of all Tesseract language packs
apt-cache search tesseract-ocr
# Debian/Ubuntu users
apt-get install tesseract-ocr-chi-sim # Example: Install Chinese Simplified language pack
# Arch Linux users
pacman -S tesseract-data-eng tesseract-data-deu # Example: Install the English and German language packs
# brew macOS users
brew install tesseract-lang
```
You can then pass the `-l LANG` argument to OCRmyPDF to give a hint as to what languages it should search for. Multiple languages can be requested.
OCRmyPDF supports Tesseract 4.1.1+. It will automatically use whichever version it finds first on the `PATH` environment variable. On Windows, if `PATH` does not provide a Tesseract binary, we use the highest version number that is installed according to the Windows Registry.
## Documentation and support
Once OCRmyPDF is installed, the built-in help which explains the command syntax and options can be accessed via:
```bash
ocrmypdf --help
```
Our [documentation is served on Read the Docs](https://ocrmypdf.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html).
Please report issues on our [GitHub issues](https://github.com/ocrmypdf/OCRmyPDF/issues) page, and follow the issue template for quick response.
## Requirements
In addition to the required Python version (3.8+), OCRmyPDF requires external program installations of Ghostscript and Tesseract OCR. OCRmyPDF is pure Python, and runs on pretty much everything: Linux, macOS, Windows and FreeBSD.
## Press & Media
- [Going paperless with OCRmyPDF](https://medium.com/@ikirichenko/going-paperless-with-ocrmypdf-e2f36143f46a)
- [Converting a scanned document into a compressed searchable PDF with redactions](https://medium.com/@treyharris/converting-a-scanned-document-into-a-compressed-searchable-pdf-with-redactions-63f61c34fe4c)
- [c't 1-2014, page 59](https://heise.de/-2279695): Detailed presentation of OCRmyPDF v1.0 in the leading German IT magazine c't
- [heise Open Source, 09/2014: Texterkennung mit OCRmyPDF](https://heise.de/-2356670)
- [heise Durchsuchbare PDF-Dokumente mit OCRmyPDF erstellen](https://www.heise.de/ratgeber/Durchsuchbare-PDF-Dokumente-mit-OCRmyPDF-erstellen-4607592.html)
- [LinuxUser Texterkennung mit OCRmyPDF und Scanbd automatisieren](https://www.linux-community.de/ausgaben/linuxuser/2021/06/texterkennung-mit-ocrmypdf-und-scanbd-automatisieren/)
OCRmyPDF would not be the software that it is today without companies and users choosing to provide support for feature development and consulting enquiries. We are happy to discuss all enquiries, whether for extending the existing feature set, or integrating OCRmyPDF into a larger system.
## License
The OCRmyPDF software is licensed under the Mozilla Public License 2.0 (MPL-2.0). This license permits integration of OCRmyPDF with other code, included commercial and closed source, but asks you to publish source-level modifications you make to OCRmyPDF.
Some components of OCRmyPDF have other licenses, as indicated by standard SPDX license identifiers or the DEP5 copyright and licensing information file. Generally speaking, non-core code is licensed under MIT, and the documentation and test files are licensed under Creative Commons ShareAlike 4.0 (CC-BY-SA 4.0).
## Disclaimer
The software is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- fixed some installer issues and errors in installation instructions
- improve performance: run Ghostscript with multithreaded rendering
- improve performance: use multiple cores by default
- bug fix: checking for wrong exception on process timeout
- rc3: skipping version number intentionally to avoid confusion with Tesseract
- rc2: first release for public testing to test-PyPI, Github
- rc1: testing release process
Compatibility notes
-------------------
-``./OCRmyPDF.sh`` script is still available for now
- Stacking the verbosity option like ``-vvv`` is no longer supported
- The configuration file ``config.sh`` has been removed. Instead, you can
feed a file to the arguments for common settings:
::
ocrmypdf input.pdf output.pdf @settings.txt
where ``settings.txt`` contains *one argument per line*, for example:
::
-l
deu
--author
A. Merkel
--pdf-renderer
tesseract
Fixes
-----
- Handling of filenames containing spaces: fixed
Notes
-----
- Some dependencies may work with lower versions than tested, so try
overriding dependencies if they are "in the way" to see if they work.
v2.2-stable (2014-09-29):
=========================
New features
------------
- None
Changes
-------
- Update to jhove v1.11
- Request the python library reportlab v3.0 or newer (So that we could remove a patch to the previous version of reportlab leading to issues for some users)
Fixes
-----
- Fix bug on Mac OS X (resolution of simlink to OCRmyPDF.sh script) (thanks to jbarlow83)
- Check if the input pdf file exists before to continue
Tested with
-----------
- Operating system: FreeBSD 9.2
- Dependencies:
- parallel 20140822
- poppler-utils 0.24.5
- ImageMagick 6.8.9-4 2014-09-17
- Unpaper 0.3
- tesseract 3.02.02
- Python 2.7.8
- ghostcript (gs): 9.06
- java: openjdk version "1.7.0_65"
v2.1-stable (2014-09-20):
=========================
New features
------------
- None
Changes
-------
- None
Fixes
-----
- Allow execution via simlink
- Add support for tesseract 3.03
- Add support for newer version of reportlab
- Lowered minimum version of gnu parallel
- Various typo
Tested with
-----------
- Operating system: FreeBSD 9.1
- Dependencies:
- parallel 20130222
- poppler-utils 0.22.2
- ImageMagick 6.8.0-7 2013-03-30
- Unpaper 0.3
- tesseract 3.02.02
- Python 2.7.3
- ghoscript (gs): 9.06
- java: openjdk version "1.7.0\_17"
v2.0-stable (2014-01-25):
=========================
New features
------------
- Check if the language(s) passed using the -l option is supported by
tesseract (fixes #60)
Changes
-------
- Allow OCRmyPDF to be used with tesseract 3.02.01, even though OCR
might fail for few PDF file (see issue #28). Rationale: For some
linux distribution, no newer version than tesseract 3.02.01 is
available
Fixes
-----
- More robust algorithm for checking the version of the installed
tesseract package
Tested with
-----------
- Operating system: FreeBSD 9.1
- Dependencies:
- parallel 20130222
- poppler-utils 0.22.2
- ImageMagick 6.8.0-7 2013-03-30
- Unpaper 0.3
- tesseract 3.02.02
- Python 2.7.3
- ghoscript (gs): 9.06
- java: openjdk version "1.7.0\_17"
v2.0-rc2 (2014-01-16):
======================
New features
------------
- None
Changes
-------
- Size reduction of final PDF file: (fixes #50)
- Support for monochrome (Black&White) images (massive size reduction
in final PDF: >80%)
- Reduced size of grayscale images (by 13% on test PDF file)
- Preventing fi, fl ligatures does not require anymore to pass an
additional config file to tesseract using the -C option (fixes #58)
- Location of temporary folder according to content of environment
variable TMPDIR.
- Dependency to pdftk removed
- Check for compatible versions of dependencies: (fixes #51)
- parallel and tesseract
- python libraries reportlab and lxml
Fixes
-----
- Improved portability with various shells (dash, bash, tcsh) and OS
(FreeBSD, MAC OSX, Linux) (fixes #59)
- Corrected bug in case the input PDF file contains a space character
(fixes #48)
- Prevent spurious error message in case there is no image in a PDF
page
- Prevent collision of temporary folder names (fixes #57)
Tested with
-----------
- Operating system: FreeBSD 9.1
- Dependencies:
- parallel 20130222
- poppler-utils 0.22.2
- ImageMagick 6.8.0-7 2013-03-30
- Unpaper 0.3
- tesseract 3.02.02
- Python 2.7.3
- ghoscript (gs): 9.06
- java: openjdk version "1.7.0\_17"
v2.0-rc1 (2014-01-07):
======================
New features
------------
- Huge performance improvement on machines having multiple CPU/cores
(processing of several pages concurrently) (fixes #18)
- By default prevent from processing a PDF file already containing
fonts (i.e. text)(it can be overridden with the -f flag) (fixes #16)
- Warn if the resolution is too low to get reasonable OCR results
(fixes #37)
- New option (-o) to perform automatic oversampling if the image
resolution is too low. This can improve OCR results.
- Warn if using a tesseract version older than v3.02.02 (as older
versions are known to produce invalid output) (fixes #41)
- Echo version of the installed dependencies (e.g. tesseract) in debug
mode in order to ease support (fixes #35)
- Echo the arguments passed to the script in debug mode to ease support
Changes
-------
- In debug mode: The debug page is now placed after the respective
"normal" page
- Reduced disk space usage in temporary folder if -d (deskew) or -c
(cleanup) options are not selected
- New file src/config.sh containing various configuration parameters
- Documentation of the tesseract config file "tess-cfg/no\_ligature"
improved
- Improved consistency of the temporary file names
Fixes
-----
- Improved robustness:
- in case vertical resolution differs from horizontal resolution (fixes
#38)
- in case a PDF page contains more than one image (fixes #36)
- Fix a problem occurring if python 3 is the standard interpreter
(fixes #33)
- Fix a problem occurring if the input PDF file contains special
characters like "#" (fixes #34)
Tested with
-----------
- Operating system: FreeBSD 9.1
- Dependencies:
- parallel 20130222
- poppler-utils 0.22.2
- ImageMagick 6.8.0-7 2013-03-30
- Unpaper 0.3
- tesseract 3.02.02
- Python 2.7.3
- pdftk 1.45
- ghoscript (gs): 9.06
- java: openjdk version "1.7.0\_17"
v1.1-stable (2014-01-06):
=========================
New features
------------
- N/A
Changes
-------
- N/A
Fixes
-----
- Fixed syntax error (bashism) leading to an error message on certain
systems (fixes #42)
Tested with
-----------
- Operating system: FreeBSD 9.1
- Dependencies:
- poppler-utils 0.22.2
- ImageMagick 6.8.0-7 2013-03-30
- Unpaper 0.3
- tesseract 3.02.02
- Python 2.7.3
- pdftk 1.45
- ghoscript (gs): 9.06
- java: openjdk version "1.7.0\_17"
v1.0-stable (2013-05-06):
=========================
New features
------------
- In debug mode: compute and echo time required for processing (fixes
#26)
Changes
-------
- Removed feature to add metadata in final pdf file (because it lead to
to final PDF file that does not comply to the PDF/A-1 format)
- Removed feature to set same owner & permissions in final PDF file
than in input file
- Removed many unused jhove files (e.g. documentation, \*.java and
\*.class files)
Fixes
-----
- Correction to handle correctly path and input PDF files having spaces
(fixes #31)
- Resolutions (x/y) that are nearly equal are now supported (fixes #25)
- Fix compatibility issue with Ubuntu server 12.04 / Ubuntu server
10.04 / Linux Mint 13 Maya and probably other Linux distributions
(fixes #27)
- Commit missing jhove files (\*.jar mainly) due to wrong .gitignore
Tested with
-----------
- Operating system: FreeBSD 9.1
- Dependencies:
- poppler-utils 0.22.2
- ImageMagick 6.8.0-7 2013-03-30
- Unpaper 0.3
- tesseract 3.02.02
- Python 2.7.3
- pdftk 1.45
- ghoscript (gs): 9.06
- java: openjdk version "1.7.0\_17"
v1.0-rc2 (2013-04-29):
======================
New features
------------
- Keep temporary files if debug mode is set (fixes #22)
- Set same owner & permissions in final PDF file than in input file
(fixes #9)
- Added metadata in final pdf file (fixes #4)
Changes
-------
- N/A
Fixes
-----
- Fixed wrong image cropping when deskew option is activated
- Exit with error message if page size is not found in hocr file (fixes
This user contributed script also provides an example of batch
processing.
..literalinclude:: ../misc/batch.py
:caption:misc/batch.py
Synology DiskStations
---------------------
Synology DiskStations (Network Attached Storage devices) can run the
Docker image of OCRmyPDF if the Synology `Docker
package <https://www.synology.com/en-global/dsm/packages/Docker>`__ is
installed. Attached is a script to address particular quirks of using
OCRmyPDF on one of these devices.
At the time this script was written, it only worked for x86-based Synology
products. It is not known if it will work on ARM-based Synology products.
Further adjustments might be needed to deal with the Synology's relatively
limited CPU and RAM.
..literalinclude:: ../misc/synology.py
:caption:misc/synology.py - Sample script for Synology DiskStations
Huge batch jobs
---------------
If you have thousands of files to work with, contact the author.
Consulting work related to OCRmyPDF helps fund this open source project
and all inquiries are appreciated.
Hot (watched) folders
=====================
Watched folders with watcher.py
-------------------------------
OCRmyPDF has a folder watcher called watcher.py, which is currently included in source
distributions but not part of the main program. It may be used natively or may run
in a Docker container. Native instances tend to give better performance. watcher.py
works on all platforms.
Users may need to customize the script to meet their requirements.
..code-block::bash
pip3 install ocrmypdf[watcher]
env OCR_INPUT_DIRECTORY=/mnt/input-pdfs \
OCR_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=/mnt/output-pdfs \
OCR_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_YEAR_MONTH=1\
python3 watcher.py
..csv-table:: watcher.py environment variables
:header:"Environment variable", "Description"
:widths:50, 50
"OCR_INPUT_DIRECTORY", "Set input directory to monitor (recursive)"
"OCR_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY", "Set output directory (should not be under input)"
"OCR_ARCHIVE_DIRECTORY", "Set archive directory for processed originals (should not be under input, requires ``OCR_ON_SUCCESS_ARCHIVE`` to be set)"
"OCR_ON_SUCCESS_DELETE", "This will delete the input file if the exit code is 0 (OK)"
"OCR_ON_SUCCESS_ARCHIVE", "This will move the processed original file to ``OCR_ARCHIVE_DIRECTORY`` if the exit code is 0 (OK). Note that ``OCR_ON_SUCCESS_DELETE`` takes precedence over this option, i.e. if both options are set, the input file will be deleted."
"OCR_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_YEAR_MONTH", "This will place files in the output in ``{output}/{year}/{month}/{filename}``"
"OCR_DESKEW", "Apply deskew to crooked input PDFs"
"OCR_JSON_SETTINGS", "A JSON string specifying any other arguments for ``ocrmypdf.ocr``, e.g. ``'OCR_JSON_SETTINGS={""rotate_pages"": true, ""optimize"": "3"}'``."
"OCR_POLL_NEW_FILE_SECONDS", "Polling interval"
"OCR_LOGLEVEL", "Level of log messages to report"
One could configure a networked scanner or scanning computer to drop files in the
watched folder.
Watched folders with Docker
---------------------------
The watcher service is included in the OCRmyPDF Docker image. To run it:
..code-block::bash
docker run \
--volume <path to files to convert>:/input \
--volume <path to store results>:/output \
--volume <path to store processed originals>:/processed \
--env OCR_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_YEAR_MONTH=1\
--env OCR_ON_SUCCESS_ARCHIVE=1\
--env OCR_DESKEW=1\
--env PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1\
--interactive --tty --entrypoint python3 \
jbarlow83/ocrmypdf \
watcher.py
This service will watch for a file that matches ``/input/\*.pdf``,
convert it to a OCRed PDF in ``/output/``, and move the processed
original to ``/processed``. The parameters to this image are:
..csv-table:: watcher.py parameters for Docker
:header:"Parameter", "Description"
:widths:50, 50
"``--volume <path to files to convert>:/input``", "Files placed in this location will be OCRed"
"``--volume <path to store results>:/output``", "This is where OCRed files will be stored"
"``--volume <path to store processed originals>:/processed``", "Archive processed originals here"
"``--env OCR_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_YEAR_MONTH=1``", "Define environment variable ``OCR_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_YEAR_MONTH=1`` to place files in the output in ``{output}/{year}/{month}/{filename}``"
"``--env OCR_ON_SUCCESS_ARCHIVE=1``", "Define environment variable ``OCR_ON_SUCCESS_ARCHIVE`` to move processed originals"
"``--env OCR_DESKEW=1``", "Define environment variable ``OCR_DESKEW`` to apply deskew to crooked input PDFs"
"``--env PYTHONBUFFERED=1``", "This will force ``STDOUT`` to be unbuffered and allow you to see messages in docker logs"
This service relies on polling to check for changes to the filesystem. It
may not be suitable for some environments, such as filesystems shared on a
slow network.
A configuration manager such as Docker Compose could be used to ensure that the
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[7.778252, "o", "\u001b[33mSome input metadata could not be copied because it is not permitted in PDF/A. You may wish to examine the output PDF's XMP metadata.\u001b[0m\r\n"]
open(FILE,"<$ARGV[0]")ordie"can't open file\"$ARGV[0]\"!\n";
$ctx=Digest::MD5->new->addfile(*FILE);
close(FILE);
$digest=$ctx->hexdigest;
print"$digest\n";
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